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History of video games, Computer games

Early Computer Games

See the chapters early games and Dr. Nim for early examples of computer games.

1970-1979

IBM 5100 - MfK Bern

(Image: Sandstein, CC BY-SA 3.0)

An IBM 5100 portable computer. While not used for gaming, it had a large influence on later designs.

Home or Personal Computers from 1977 - Commodore PET 2001, Apple II, TRS-80 Model I, together called 'Trinity77' (edited image)

(Image: Trinity77.jpg : Tim Colegrove
derivative work: Pittigrilli, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Common computers released in 1977, the Commodore PET 2001, the Apple II, and the TRS-80 Model I.

Challenger 2P-IMG 4137

(Image: Rama & Musée Bolo, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr)

An Ohio Scientific Challenger 2P

KL Advanced Micro Devices AM9080

(Image: Konstantin Lanzet, CC BY-SA 3.0)

AMD 9080 Processor

Games

Infocom (1979-1986) (6120466941)

(Image: Digital Game Museum, CC BY 2.0)

Infocom began producing text adventures in 1979.

Colossal Cave Adventure (1975-76) (6120454165)

(Image: Digital Game Museum, CC BY 2.0)

Dial-a-Grue (6120468075)

(Image: Digital Game Museum, CC BY 2.0)

Dial a Grue

1980-1989

CPUs

Regional Computers

In the 1980's there was a rivalry between Iraqi users of the Al Warkaa and the Sakhr 170 home gaming computers.[1][2]

In Wales, Dragon computers were popular.[3]

(Image: Jörgen Nixdorf, CC BY-SA 3.0)

ATI Hercules Graphics Card (1986)

(Image: Austriacus, CC0)

AdLib Music Synthesizer Card (1987)

(Image: Tiziano Garuti ( 1000Bit, Public domain)

The Compaq Portable, a popular computer of the 1980's.

1990-1999

By 1990 well used dithering was being used in EGA games to create the illusion of better colors.[4] From the early to late 1990's Color Cycling, the shifting of a palette on a still image, was used to produce resource efficient animations in computer games.[4][5]

The 1990's saw the first common graphics cards, as well as the first common 3D API's for graphics cards such as Glide.

The introduction of CD-ROMs was initially seen as a way to reduce costs and piracy compared to floppy disks,[6] though pirates quickly gained familiarity with the new format.[7]

In 1994, the first Dreamhack was held in Malung, Sweden.[8]

In 1996 the Marine Doom is made for US military training, a notable early use of FPS games for military training.[9]

The Nvidia GeForce 256, considered as the world's first GPU, was released in 1999. It offered a huge improvement in 3D graphic capabilities.

(Image: Public domain)

The popularity of Doom was so massive that for a while first person shooters were commonly called "Doom clones"

Quake - family tree 2

(Image: Author list, Public domain)

The Quake engine spawned a number of decedent engines.

2000-2009

Valve launches Steam on September 12th, 2003.[10]

Audio Cards remain popular till the end of the decade in many high end gaming rigs, along with brief experiments in gaming themed network and physics acceleration cards.

Events

Winter 2004 DreamHack LAN Party

(Image: en:User:Toffelginkgo / User:Toffelginkgo, CC BY-SA 3.0)

Dreamhack 2004 LAN party

PAX2006-20060827

(Image: Gamerscore Blog from USA, CC BY-SA 2.0)

PAX 2006 computer gaming.

Korean.culture-PC.bang-01

(Image: by Hachimaki, CC BY-SA 2.0)

A Korean PC Bang in 2006.

E3 2006 (144317953)

(Image: Barry Mulling from Los Angeles, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0)

NVIDIA SLI at E3 2006

Components

GeForce FX5900

AGP-Video-Card

(Image: Evan-Amos, Public domain)

Powercolor Radeon 9000 AGP video card.

Nvidia-7900GS-Video-Card

(Image: Evan-Amos, Public domain)

Nvidia 7900GS video card.

Nvidia 260 GTX. This card shows a trend where static 3D renderings were printed on the card.

Turtle-Beach-Sound-Card

(Image: Evan-Amos, Public domain)

A Turtle Beach Catalina sound card.

Western Digital VelociRaptor

(Image: ShakataGaNai, CC BY-SA 3.0)

A Western Digital VelociRaptor in 2008.

Linksys-Wireless-G-Router

(Image: Evan-Amos, Public domain)

A Linksys WRT54GS Router, common during the early to late 2000's.

ELSA Revelator IR LCD Shutter Glasses

(Image: Afrank99, CC BY-SA 3.0)

2009 LCD shutter glasses for 3D gaming.

2010-2019

Rise of Steam

We think there is a fundamental misconception about piracy. Piracy is almost always a service problem and not a pricing problem. If a pirate offers a product anywhere in the world, 24 x 7, purchasable from the convenience of your personal computer, and the legal provider says the product is region-locked, will come to your country 3 months after the US release, and can only be purchased at a brick and mortar store, then the pirate's service is more valuable.

—Gabe Newell, Interview with the The Cambridge Student - 2011.[11][12]

In 2011 Valve identifies game piracy as a service problem.[13] In 2013 Steam distributed 75% of digital games on PC.[14]

In 2015 Steam and Bethesda briefly introduced paid mods as a feature, before quickly withdrawing it in response to widespread criticism.[15][16]

Ray-tracing games started in 2018 and ray-tracing cards were released to be capable of ray-tracing in supported games. The first ray-tracing graphics cards were Nvidia RTX 2060, 2070, 2080, and Titan RTX.

(Image: Eric Chan from Hollywood, United States, CC BY 2.0)

AMD booth at E3 2011

NVIDIA-GTX-1070-FoundersEdition-FL

(Image: Evan-Amos, Public domain)

NVIDIA GTX 1070 Founders Edition

Authenticator blizzard

(Image: Laserlicht, CC BY-SA 4.0)

A Blizzard Battle.net Authenticator token in 2016.

2020-2029

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of computer parts.[17] Despite this the Folding@Home distributed computing project reaches quickly 1.5 Exaflops of capability as thousands of PC gamers donate unused cycles from their computers to tackle biomedical research in the fight against COVID-19.[18]

The Trump Administration began enforcing a new tariff on computer components from China near the end of it's term in mid-January 2021, causing GPU prices to significantly increase, sometimes by several hundred dollars.[19][20]

Some manufactures experimented with PCs in handheld console formfactors.[21] In 2022 Steam released the Steam Deck, which is a handheld console that runs PC games.

In 2022 Intel released its first graphics cards: the Arc A750 and A770. These GPUs supported RTX 3060 performance for cheaper prices in games, especially DirectX 12 ones. DirectX 9 support was improved on these GPUs in 2023.

NVIDIA RTX 4090 Founders Edition - Verpackung (ZMASLO)

(Image: ZMASLO, CC BY 3.0)

Nvidia GeForce RTX 4090 Founders Edition

References

Where this page came from

This page was imported from Wikibooks. From “History of video games” on Wikibooks, by its contributors, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Changed here: set as a page; navigation and edit links left out; each image under its own licence, credited in its caption.

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