Become a U.S. citizen through naturalization

Naturalization is the process of voluntarily becoming a United States citizen. Learn about the steps that lead to U.S. citizenship, including the naturalization test.

What are the requirements for U.S. citizenship?

To be eligible for U.S. citizenship, you must meet certain eligibility requirements. These include being:

At least 18 years old when you apply

Able to read, write, and speak basic English (depending on age)

Of good moral character

You must also be in one of these categories:

• Lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) of five years
• Married to a U.S. citizen and lawful permanent resident for three years
• U.S. military service member (active duty or veteran)
• Child of a U.S. citizen

How to apply for U.S. citizenship

Follow the 10-step naturalization process from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). You will learn:

• If you are eligible for naturalization
• How to fill out Form N-400 to apply for naturalization
• What to do before taking the oath of citizenship

How long does the naturalization process take?

Once you submit Form N-400, the amount of time it takes to become a naturalized U.S. citizen can depend on your location. You can check your case's estimated processing time by selecting the:

• Form you submitted (Form N-400 if you are applying for naturalization)
• Form category
• Field office or service center that is processing your case

Prepare for your interview and citizenship test

For most people, one of the requirements during the interview is taking the naturalization test. The test has two parts: a civics test (U.S. history and government) and an English test.

On October 20, 2025, USCIS began implementing the 2025 naturalization civics test. Depending on the date of your naturalization application, you must take either the 2008 or 2025 civics test.

If you meet certain age or disability qualifications, you may not have to take the civics or English test. Find out who may be exempt from the civics or English sections of the test (see Part B).

2008 Naturalization Civics Test

If you filed Form N-400 to apply for naturalization before October 20, 2025, you will take the 2008 civics test.

Find study resources for the 2008 test:

• 100 Civics Questions and Answers for the 2008 Test (with MP3 audio)
• 2008 Civics Practice Test
• Find out about ways to learn English

2025 Naturalization Civics Test

If you filed Form N-400 to apply for naturalization on or after October 20, 2025, you will take the 2025 civics test.

Find study resources for the 2025 test:

• 128 Civics Questions and Answers for the 2025 Test
• One Nation, One People (2025 Version)
• Find out about ways to learn English

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