African American Communities Along the C&O Canal
A series first published by the National Park Service, in reading order.
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Founded by freed people after the Civil War in Cabin John, Maryland, Gibson Grove built a school, a lodge of the Order of Moses and a church — until the Capital Beltway cut it in half in the 1960s.
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Rock Spring was a small African American community above the Potomac near Glen Echo, Maryland, home to hotel workers and laborers near the Black-owned Jones Hotel, until suburbs and parkways pushed it out by the 1930s.
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Tobytown, near the C&O Canal in Montgomery County, was built on land bought by formerly enslaved families in the 1870s. It prospered, then was declared a pocket of poverty — and its historic homes were razed from 1967.
