Hernias: Types, Causes and Treatment

A hernia happens when part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle. Most hernias are in the abdomen.

Types

• Inguinal, in the groin, the most common type
• Umbilical, around the belly button
• Incisional, through a surgical scar
• Hiatal, through a small opening in the diaphragm, letting the upper part of the stomach move up into the chest
• Congenital diaphragmatic, a birth defect that needs surgery

Causes

Hernias are common and affect men, women and children. A combination of muscle weakness and straining, such as heavy lifting, may contribute. Some people are born with weak abdominal muscles and may be more likely to develop one.

Treatment

Treatment is usually surgery to repair the opening in the muscle wall. Left untreated, a hernia can cause pain and other health problems.

Sources

• MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine), "Hernia." https://medlineplus.gov/hernia.html