E. coli Infection: The Basics

An illustration of E. coli. CDC.

E. coli (Escherichia coli) are bacteria found in the environment, foods, water, and the intestines of people and animals.

Mostly harmless

Most E. coli are part of a healthy gut: they help digest food, make vitamins, and protect us from harmful germs. But some cause diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, sepsis and other illnesses. This page covers the kinds of E. coli that cause diarrhea.

How people get infected

By swallowing the bacteria — through contaminated food or water, or contact with animals, environments or other people.

Who is at higher risk

• children younger than 5;
• adults 65 and older;
• people with weakened immune systems;
• international travelers.

It can be serious

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can lead to kidney failure, lasting health problems, and even death.

It can be prevented

You can take steps to keep yourself and your family safe. More for everyone, health care providers and public health.

Sources

Based on "About Escherichia coli Infection," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain.