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Safe disposal of used needles protects health care workers from bloodborne viruses. Image from CDC's page.
The main points
- Delivering health care can spread hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) to health care workers and to patients.
- Health care workers should be vaccinated against hepatitis B.
- They should be tested for hepatitis C after a possible exposure.
Where the risk lies
Outbreaks of hepatitis B and C have happened in outpatient clinics, dialysis units, long-term care facilities and hospitals — mostly because of unsafe injection practices, such as reusing needles, fingerstick devices and syringes, and other lapses in infection control. Every staff member should know and follow standard precautions and basic infection-control principles, including safe injection practices and aseptic technique.
Prevention
- Hepatitis B: CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommend that clinicians, other health care workers and public safety workers who can reasonably expect exposure get the complete hepatitis B vaccine series and have their immunity confirmed by testing afterward. More on responding to hepatitis B exposures.
- Hepatitis C: workers should be tested after a possible exposure; if the test is positive, antiviral medicines treat the infection. More on managing exposures to hepatitis C.
Key guidance
| Topic | Resource |
|---|---|
| Infection control | Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities; Safe Injection Practices and Your Health (for patients) |
| Hepatitis B | Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States; Evaluating health care personnel for hepatitis B protection and managing exposures; universal hepatitis B vaccination for adults aged 19–59 |
| Hepatitis C | Testing and clinical management of health care personnel exposed to hepatitis C (2020); hepatitis C screening among adults (2020) |
| Workplace safety | Bloodborne infectious disease risk factors (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) |
Advice after an exposure: the National Clinicians Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Hotline gives clinicians 24-hour guidance on occupational exposures to HIV, viral hepatitis and other bloodborne pathogens: 1-888-448-4911.
Sources
Based on "Viral Hepatitis Exposure Risk Among Health Care Providers," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain.
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам www.cdc.gov
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