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The remains of prehistoric game drives today. NPS-RMNP.
The question
People have lived in or used Rocky Mountain National Park for about 11,000 years, but until recent surveys little was known about how they moved around it. Knowing when they used the park helps explain how early people adapted to mountain life.
The survey
Through the NPS Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program, Robert Brunswig of the University of Northern Colorado and park archeologist William Butler systematically surveyed the park, starting with heavily visited areas where sites are most at risk, then moderately used roadsides, then remote areas. Within each, they focused on the most likely places, such as meadows, rather than thick forest and steep slopes, and teams walking in lines recorded and photographed what they found.
The results
In five years they documented over 1,000 sites or isolated finds, more than a third of them prehistoric or early historic, and dated 106 of those with modern methods. The finds point to a yearly round in three stages, following the seasons, the altitude and the game:
| Season | What bands did |
|---|---|
| Late spring to midsummer | lived at low-elevation mountain base camps while the high country was still under snow |
| Midsummer to mid-fall | moved camp to high hunting grounds along well-used trails, following elk and bighorn sheep, and bison and deer |
| Late fall to early spring | wintered outside the park in low mountain valleys |
Hunters returned to the same high grounds year after year, some used on and off for several thousand years, such as Mount Ida Ridge, Flattop Mountain and Bighorn Flats. These places often held game drives, where narrow ground on steep slopes funnelled animals, improved with ambush blinds and corridors lined with rock walls.
Despite intensive searching, archeologists found no sign of anyone wintering in the park. Bands usually went to Middle Park and North Park, west and northwest of it, where wintering bison, elk, deer and pronghorn, fuel and shelter made life possible; some may have wintered in the Estes Valley. By following the game, people could live in the park's harsh climate.
This summary rests on reports available when it was written (July 2006, updated January 2008) and is not a statement of park policy or a definitive account of the research. More on the park's research: nps.gov/romo.
Sources
- Meg Reamer, "Prehistoric Human Migration," National Park Service, Rocky Mountain National Park. https://www.nps.gov/articles/prehistoric-human-migration.htm
- An illustration of a game drive in use is not reproduced here.
В изданияхRocky Mountain National Park
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам www.nps.gov
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