There is as much landscape under the water as above it — ridges, slopes, basins and banks — and bathymetry is the study of it. The word covers the beds and floors of every kind of water body: the ocean, and rivers, streams and lakes too.
A bathymetry map of East Flower Garden Bank. Credit: NOAA.
From depth to shape
At first, "bathymetry" meant only one thing: how deep the ocean is compared with sea level. Over time the meaning grew to "submarine topography" — not just the depth of the water, but the shape of the terrain beneath it.
A topographic map, turned upside down
A bathymetric map does for underwater land what a topographic map does for dry land: it shows three-dimensional relief on a flat page. Mapmakers use color and contour lines to show how the sea floor rises and falls. Those underwater contour lines have their own names — depth contours, or isobaths.
The foundation of hydrography
Bathymetry is the base on which the wider science of hydrography is built. Hydrography measures the physical features of a body of water, and it takes in much more than the bottom:
| Hydrography measures | Examples |
|---|---|
| The bottom | bathymetry: depths and underwater terrain |
| The edge | the shape and features of the shoreline |
| The motion | tides, currents and waves |
| The water itself | its physical and chemical properties |
Sources
Based on "What is bathymetry?" from NOAA's National Ocean Service, a work of the United States government in the public domain.
许可协议： CC0 1.0（公有领域） · 改编自 oceanservice.noaa.gov
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