National Park Getaway: Tule Lake National Monument

By Marc K. Blackburn, Ph.D, Chief of Visitor Services, Lava Beds and Tule Lake National Monuments

The remaining buildings at Camp Tulelake are jointly protected by the US Fish & Wildlife Service and the National Park Service. NPS Photo

Tule Lake National Monument was established to share the stories of the Tule Lake Segregation Center and Camp Tulelake. The Tule Lake Segregation Center held approximately 30,000 Japanese Americans between 1942-1946, while Camp Tulelake held four different groups and was in use from 1933-1946.

It is widely recognized today that the forced removal and relocation of Japanese Americans along the west coast was a human tragedy. What separated Tule Lake from the other centers operated by the War Relocation Authority is that it was converted into a maximum-security segregation center that held individuals and families who were classified as “disloyal” by the United States. In 1943 all persons in the centers over the age of 17 were required to answer a questionnaire that contained two misleading questions. One question asked your willingness to serve in the US armed forces and the other questioned your allegiance to the United States and Japan. Many answered ‘no’ to one or both questions. The simple act of answering ‘no’ classified you as ‘disloyal’ and triggered a move to Tule Lake. As tensions rose at Tule Lake, the military presence grew to over ten times what it was at other centers. Families were targeted for expulsion from the country and stripped of their citizenship. The historic trauma caused by this event still resonates today with the survivors and their families.

Today the park preserves a small portion of the center including the stockade, the jail, the War Relocation Authority Motor Pool, the Post Engineer's Yard and Motor Pool. The remainder of the original center is private property. The jail was recently restored in 2020 and can only be viewed during a ranger guided tour. [Take a virtual tour of the Tule Lake Segregation Center](Tule Lake Segregation Center) to learn more about the restoration project.

Several miles away is Camp Tulelake which began as a camp for the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and, in 1943, was adapted as an isolation center to imprison Japanese Americans. From 1944–1946 the camp housed German and Italian prisoners of war who worked for local farmers. Several historical structures that were first used by the CCC are still at the site.

Camp Tulelake in 1936 when it was a Civilian Conservation Corps Camp US Fish & Wildlife Service Photo

In summer, head to the Tule Lake Visitor Center, approximately 8 miles south of the town of Tulelake, California, just off Highway 139. Tours of the segregation site are available; reservations recommended. To make a reservation please call (530) 664-4015.

Tule Lake is one of several centers that housed incarcerated Japanese Americans forcibly removed from the west coast of the United States. Other site managed by the National Park Service include Honouliuli National Historic Site, Manzanar National National Historic Site, and Minidoka National Historic Site.

Left image

Right image

Looking inside one of the Segregation Center Jail cells, after the 2020 restoration

Credit: NPS Photo

Learn more about the history of Japanese American confinement during World War II and how the National Park Service and our partners are involved in preserving places that tell the stories of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of whom were US citizens, imprisoned far from their homes.

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