উন্নত করার কিছু দেখছেন? একটি পরিবর্তন প্রস্তাব করুন।
Current exclusionary fencing at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. NPS.
Three national parks in Hawaiʻi will rebuild about 64 miles of perimeter exclusionary fencing — the segments most likely to fail — with funding from the Great American Outdoors Act (GAOA).
Why fences
- What they do: exclusionary fences keep invasive animals out of protected areas, and have made possible over 20 years of ecosystem recovery.
- What's outside: non-native, feral goats, deer, sheep, cattle, pigs, dogs and cats. A single failure could open these ecosystems to extensive damage.
- Why it matters: protecting native ecosystems and watersheds matters to Native Hawaiian people and to the National Park Service alike.
The three parks
| Park | What the fence protects | Miles to replace |
|---|---|---|
| Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park | an International Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage Site, with some of the world's most unique geological, biological and cultural landscapes | 40 |
| Haleakalā National Park (Maui) | the signature silversword, and rare, colorful forest birds racing for survival against a changing climate and habitat damage by feral animals | 15 |
| Kalaupapa National Historical Park | threatened and endangered plants — pamakani (Tetramolopium rockii) grows only inside its fenced enclosures — plus coastal spray vegetation and heiau rock walls and other structures built by Native Hawaiians | nine |
The project
- Why now: the old fencing has outlived its expected life in corrosive volcanic and salt-air conditions.
- How: most of the fence runs through remote, extremely difficult terrain, so contracted helicopters will fly in materials.
- Also: four run-down resource-management buildings at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes used for plant propagation — a maintenance greenhouse, greenhouse office, potting shed and insect quarantine bughouse — will be rehabilitated.
- Visitors: very limited impact during construction.
| Cost | about $30.5 million ($30.539 million) |
| Anticipated start | 2023, fourth quarter |
| Anticipated completion | 2028, second quarter |
| Status when written | design under way |
Goals
- Replace the 64 miles of fence most urgently in need.
- Prevent erosion and damage to trails, campsites, front-country areas, cultural landscapes and archeological features, and protect water quality downslope.
- Cut costs of animal control and revegetation.
- Reduce the chance of dangerous encounters with non-native wildlife.
- Build fencing that stays sound for 20 years.
- Correct $36.2 million of high-priority deferred maintenance.
Benefits
Keeping the fences protects more than 50 federally listed threatened and endangered species and their critical habitat from grazing and trampling, removes a key stressor on Hawaiʻi's native species — making them more resilient to climate change — and safeguards the experience of the parks' 3.2 million annual visitors.
A corroded fence anchor. NPS.
A failing fence line at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes. NPS.
Sources
Based on "Perimeter Fencing at Three Hawaiʻi Parks to be Reconstructed Through GAOA Funding to Protect Unique Park Ecosystems," National Park Service; a work of the United States government in the public domain. See also Great American Outdoors Act projects.
যে প্রকাশনাগুলোতে আছেHawaiʻi Volcanoes National ParkHaleakalā National ParkKalaupapa National Historical Park
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