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SARS-CoV-2 was thought to spread mainly from person to person, so in spring 2020 officials relied on stay-at-home orders, business closures, bans on large gatherings, cloth face coverings and physical distancing. From May 5 to 12, 2020, researchers asked adults nationwide, and in the two most populous U.S. cities — New York City and Los Angeles — what they thought of these measures and whether they were following them.
Visual summary. CDC
The survey
4,042 adults were invited to a web survey run by Qualtrics, drawn from panels matched to the 2010 Census by age, gender, race and ethnicity. 2,402 responded (59.4%) and 2,221 passed quality checks: 1,676 nationwide, 286 in New York City and 259 in Los Angeles (margins of error 2.4%, 5.7% and 5.9%). No one was counted in more than one group.
| Knew someone who… | Nationwide | New York City | Los Angeles |
|---|---|---|---|
| tested positive | 16.8% | 42.0% | 10.8% |
| died of COVID-19 | 5.9% | 23.1% | 7.3% |
Support for the measures
| Nationwide | New York City | Los Angeles | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supported stay-at-home orders and closing nonessential businesses | 79.5% | 86.7% | 81.5% |
| Agreed nonessential workers should stay home | 67.3% | 76.6% | 69.1% |
| Agreed restaurant dining inside shouldn't be allowed | 66.6% | 81.5% | 71.8% |
| Thought their state's restrictions were right or not strict enough | 84.3% | 89.7% | 79.7% |
| Wouldn't feel safe if restrictions were lifted then | 74.3% | 81.5% | 73.4% |
| …but wanted them lifted anyway, accepting the risk | 17.1% | 12.6% | 12.7% |
More than 87% in each place agreed with keeping 6 feet apart, and more than 82% with limiting gatherings to fewer than 10 people.
What people did
| Nationwide | New York City | Los Angeles | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-isolating | 77.3% | 84.6% | 83.0% |
| Always or often kept 6 feet from others | 79.5% | 85.7% | 82.6% |
| Always or often wore a cloth face covering in public (of the ~90% who had been out that week) | 74.1% | 89.6% | 89.8% |
More than 85% in all three groups always or often avoided groups of 10 or more.
Differences within the country
- Age. Self-isolation was highest among 18- to 24-year-olds (92.3%) and lowest at 45–54 (71.5%). But young adults were about twice as likely as those 65 and older to say they'd feel safe if restrictions were lifted (43.1% vs 19.2%) — perhaps reflecting risk: as of May 16, people 65 and older accounted for about 80% of COVID-19 deaths, and 15- to 24-year-olds for 0.1%.
- Essential workers — 47.2% of employed respondents — were less likely to be self-isolating (63.1% vs 80.6%) and more likely to feel safe with restrictions lifted (37.7% vs 23.7%) than other workers, and less likely to keep their distance or avoid gatherings, likely because of their jobs. Their many contacts raise the risk of spread.
- Face coverings were worn more by women, people 65 and older, retirees and urban residents. With outbreaks reported in rural communities since March, the authors saw a need for better, culturally effective messaging there.
- Distancing: people 65 and older and nonessential workers were more likely to keep 6 feet apart and avoid gatherings; employed people were less likely than retirees to keep their distance, and Black respondents less likely than White or Asian respondents to limit gatherings.
- Cities: face-covering use was similar in New York City and Los Angeles, though New York City had suffered far more deaths in the first months.
What it means
With no vaccine, controlling COVID-19 depended on measures that need public support — and in May 2020, protecting health was clearly a public priority despite disruption and economic harm. That support could guide reopening decisions and how long and how strict restrictions should be, and gave a chance to make face coverings and distancing normal as places reopened. Regular surveys of public attitudes can guide decisions if later waves demand renewed restrictions.
Limits
Answers were self-reported and taken at one point in time. The web panel wasn't a probability sample, so results may not generalize, and Black Americans were underrepresented; people who knew someone infected or killed may have been more likely to take part.
Sources
Based on Czeisler MÉ, Tynan MA, Howard ME, et al., "Public Attitudes, Behaviors, and Beliefs Related to COVID-19, Stay-at-Home Orders, Nonessential Business Closures, and Public Health Guidance — United States, New York City, and Los Angeles, May 5–12, 2020," MMWR volume 69, number 24, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as corrected; a work of the United States government in the public domain.
Lizenz: CC0 1.0 (gemeinfrei) · Bearbeitet nach www.cdc.gov
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