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NIOSH's hierarchy of controls, most effective at the top. NIOSH (public domain).
The flavoring chemicals diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione are linked to respiratory impairment and severe lung disease. Where levels exceed workplace limits, employers should put controls in place — and repeat air sampling to confirm the controls work.
The goal
Keep exposures below NIOSH's recommended exposure limits (RELs), which are set to reduce the risk of lung harm from these chemicals.
- Detailed guidance: Best Practices: Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and Exposure Monitoring for Occupational Exposures to Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione (NIOSH).
- Regulator's view: OSHA's Flavorings-Related Lung Disease page.
Applying the hierarchy of controls
The hierarchy of controls ranks measures by how well they remove or reduce a hazard:
| Level | For these flavorings |
|---|---|
| Elimination | Stop using diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione where possible |
| Substitution | Switch to less hazardous chemicals — checking substitutes for toxicity first |
| Engineering controls | Closed systems, isolation, local exhaust ventilation |
| Administrative controls | Work practices and training that cut exposure |
| Personal protective equipment | In addition to — never instead of — the controls above |
Respirators
Respiratory protection only works within a full respiratory protection program, with strong involvement and commitment from both employees and management:
- Wear respirators when they're needed.
- Choose the right type for each hazard.
- Keep respirators well fitted and in good condition.
Watching exposures and health
- Monitor workplace exposures and workers' health, tracking possible symptoms and cases and reporting them to NIOSH and state health departments.
- Lung checks: workers exposed to flavoring chemicals should have their lung function tested regularly by their healthcare provider.
Sources
Based on "Exposure Control and Prevention," Flavoring-Related Lung Disease, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain. Graphic: NIOSH's Hierarchy of Controls (public domain), redrawn by Michael Pittman.
Lizenz: CC0 1.0 (gemeinfrei) · Bearbeitet nach www.cdc.gov
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