Immunization MMWRs

Purpose

Below are recent publications related to vaccines in CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).

August

Miller PB, Routledge I, Pollock ED, Mathis AD, Raines K, Mistry D, et al. Use of Nowcasting to Estimate Real-Time Transmission Trends During a Measles Outbreak — South Carolina, October 2025–March 2026
MMWR 2026./ 75(33);522–528
CDC developed a nowcast model that corrected for reporting delays to estimate real-time case counts and the effective reproduction number (Rt). Although accuracy depended on the stability of case reporting patterns, the model improved situational awareness and provided more reliable real-time signals than did provisional case counts alone.

June

Crisp CA, Milton S, Lutz CS, Northcut K, McClaran K, Hernandez C, et al. Notes from the Field: Initial Public Health Response to a Measles Outbreak in a Close-Knit West Texas Community - January-February 2025
MMWR 2026./ 75(23);300-302
This report describes barriers to implementing public health interventions during the initial phase of a measles outbreak in Gaines County, a rural county in west Texas bordering New Mexico.

Ly AN, Shotts A, Torres T, Peacock G, Sugerman DE, Crisp C, et al. Measles Outbreak in a Child Care Facility - Lubbock, Texas, March-April 2025
MMWR 2026./ 75(21);266-270
This report details the response and collaboration between Lubbock Public Health (LPH) and a child care facility in Lubbock, TX during a measles outbreak in 2025.

May

• Wang D, Rogers CC, Lutz CS, Sajewski ET, Almas S, Clemmons NS, et al. Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Measles During an Outbreak — West Texas, January–March 2025
  MMWR 2026./ 75(20);252–257
  This report describes characteristics of patients hospitalized during the measles outbreak in West Texas in January 2025 through March 18, 2025, during which time CDC provided epidemic assistance to Texas Department of State Health Services as part of a rapid emergency response.

April

• Meghani M, Garacci Z, Razzaghi H, de Perio MA, Laney AS, Kriss JL, et al. Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel — United States, 2024–25 Respiratory Virus Season
  MMWR 2026./ 75(12);164–171
  This report highlights how a multipronged approach, including educating HCP about benefits of vaccination and implementing workplace strategies, might improve vaccination coverage and reduce influenza- and COVID-19–related morbidity among HCP.
• Collins JP, Scobie HM, Sharma S, Chow EJ, Rubis AB, Martin T, et al. Clusters of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease Among Adults Using Substances or Experiencing Homelessness or Housing Instability — Alaska, Oregon, and Washington, 2023─2025

MMWR 2026./ 75(14);186–191
During April 2023–December 2025, 44 cases of invasive Hib disease in adults were identified in Alaska, Washington, and Oregon through routine surveillance or hospital notification; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified two distinct clusters. This report describes the characteristics of these cases and considerations regarding public health response activities.

• Campbell KL, Amin AB, Goswitz J, Betz R, Moyer S, Griffith J, et al. Notes from the Field: Tetanus in Four Children — Idaho, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin, 2024
  MMWR 2026./75(14);192–193
  In July 2024, the first pediatric case of tetanus in Idaho in >30 years was reported. Three other U.S. pediatric cases were reported in three other states in 2024. An investigation was initiated to understand patient characteristics and the circumstances under which these cases occurred, and to guide prevention efforts.
• Bell JM, Barbre K, Meng L, Lape-Newman B, Wong E, Woods A, et al. Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Nursing Home Residents and Health Care Personnel — United States, 2024–25 Influenza Season

MMWR 2026./75(15);195–201
This report describes influenza vaccination coverage among nursing home residents and HCP working in nursing homes during the 2024–25 influenza season (October 1, 2024–March 31, 2025).

March

• Hill HA, Yankey D, Elam-Evans LD, Mu Y, Chen M, Stokley S, et al. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2021 and 2022 — National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2022–2024
  MMWR 2026./ 75(11);146–155
  This report describes trends in national coverage with recommended vaccines over time (excluding COVID-19 vaccine) and provides coverage estimates by Vaccines for Children program eligibility, race and ethnicity, poverty status, urbanicity, and jurisdiction of residence.
• Maloney P, Reeves EL, Wielgosz K, Price AM, Natarajan K, DeSilva MB, et al. Interim Estimates of 2025–26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, September 2025–February 2026

MMWR 2026./ 75(9);116–123
This report provides interim estimates of 2025–26 influenza vaccine effectiveness against outpatient visits and hospitalization for laboratory-confirmed influenza among children, adolescents, and adults from three U.S. surveillance networks.

• Zhu S, Quint J, León TM, Li NJ, Muldrew S, Porse C, et al. Interim Estimates of 2025–26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — California, October 2025–January 2026
  MMWR 2026./ 75(9);124–128
  This report provides interim estimates of 2025–26 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against a positive laboratory test result for influenza A or B in California during October 2025–January 2026.
• Stanislawski E, Romero A, Holzinger N, Healy R, Webb NJ, Cruz K, et al. Measles Outbreak — New Mexico, 2025

MMWR 2026./ 75(9);111–115
This report highlights how coordinating public communication and improving access to MMR vaccine can support vaccine administration across large, rural areas and contribute to a measles outbreak response.

• Alak M, Latorre M, Foster P, Armstrong J, Levent F, Chen M, et al. Notes from the Field: Congenital Rubella Syndrome — Florida, 2025
  MMWR 2026. / 75(8);106–107
  This report details the case of an infant with Congenital Rubella Syndrome who was born to a mother from a country that had not introduced rubella vaccine.

February

• Raykin J, Rochin I, Wiegand R, Soto V, Nyame-Mireku A, Chung A, et al. COVID-19 Antiviral Prescription Receipt Among Outpatients Aged ≥65 Years — United States, June 1, 2023–September 30, 2025
  MMWR 2026./75(6);69–76
  This report evaluated the frequency of antiviral prescriptions and the factors associated with their receipt among adults aged ≥65 years with COVID-19 who were examined in outpatient settings during June 2023–September 2025.
• Silk BJ, Prill MM, Winn AK, Patton ME, Moline HL, Melgar M, et al. Respiratory Virus Activity — United States, July 1, 2024–June 30, 2025

MMWR 2026./ 75(6);77–84
This report summarizes U.S. trends in endemic respiratory virus activity during July 2024–June 2025.

January

• Metz A, Barnes M, Andresen K, Stringer G, Comstock N, Burakoff A, et al. Measles Outbreak Associated with an Infectious Traveler — Colorado, May–June 2025 MMWR 2026. / 75(4);48–54
  This report describes measles cases in Colorado residents that were part of an outbreak resulting from exposure to a patient who was infectious during air travel.
• Jensen G, Gidfar C, Weisbeck K, Barnes M, Minnerath E, Matzinger S, et al. Notes from the Field: Wastewater Surveillance for Measles Virus During a Measles Outbreak — Colorado, August 2025

MMWR 2026. / 75(2);20–2
This report describes the detection of measles virus through wastewater surveillance in Mesa County and its contribution to the subsequent outbreak response.

• Barger A, Margrey SF, Siu AW, Wallace R, Earnest R, Frankel M, et al. Imported Human Rabies — Kentucky and Ohio, 2024
  MMWR 2026. / 75(2);23–7
  This report describes the patient’s signs and symptoms, hospital course, and the subsequent contact tracing activities once a diagnosis of rabies was confirmed.
• Amin AB, Collins JP, Doug X, Leidner AJ, Loehr J, Moser CA, McNamara LA. Use of the GSK MenACWY-CRM/MenB-4C Pentavalent Meningococcal Vaccine Among Persons Aged ≥10 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2025

MMWR 2026. / 75(1);7–14
This report summarizes evidence considered for these recommendations and provides clinical guidance for the use of MenACWY-CRM/MenB-4C.

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