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Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park lies in Macon, Georgia, where Walnut Creek meets the Ocmulgee River in Bibb County. The National Park Service's Geodiversity Atlas, drawn from its Geologic Resources Inventory, summarizes the park's geology for education, geoconservation and management.
The park
Established on December 23, 1936, the park preserves evidence of one of the longest continuous periods of human habitation of any Park Service site. A 2019 expansion renamed it from Ocmulgee National Monument and brought it to 1,350 hectares (3,336 acres).
It records more than 12,000 years of history, from Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Woodland and Lamar cultures to the historic Creek people. That history survives in prehistoric earthen mounds — including the only known spiral mound in the United States — a restored ceremonial earthlodge, prehistoric trenches, an early colonial trading post and Civil War earthworks. The park holds one of the Park Service's largest artifact collections, approximately 2.5 million items documenting almost every major period of Native American history in the Southeast. It was the scene of one of the largest archeological investigations in North American history, and the Ocmulgee Old Fields were fundamental to the development of modern archeology.
The Lesser and Greater Temple Mounds. NPS.
Geologic setting
The park sits in the Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province, near its boundary with the Piedmont along the Fall Line. The Coastal Plain is a wedge of Cretaceous and younger sedimentary rock that thickens toward the sea and generally gets younger toward the Atlantic coast; its gentle slopes hold distinct marine terraces marking old shorelines in some of the youngest units.
Three main sedimentary units underlie the park, oldest to youngest:
| Unit | Where and what |
|---|---|
| Cretaceous Ripley Formation | Under the park's eastern part: mostly dark-gray clay interlayered with fine-grained sand |
| Eocene Ocala Limestone and Barnwell Formation | Mapped in the park's far east, near the Macon airport: bright red sand, green to dark-gray clay, calcareous clay and limestone |
| Pliocene(?) to Holocene alluvium | Sediment of the Ocmulgee River valley |
The entrance to the earthlodge. NPS.
The park's Geologic Resources Inventory products and a completed NPS Soil Resources Inventory are in the NPS DataStore.
Sources
Rewritten from the National Park Service article "NPS Geodiversity Atlas—Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Georgia" (public domain), in hubnx's own words. The report cover it shows is not reproduced.
In diesen PublikationenOcmulgee Mounds National Historical Park
Lizenz: CC0 1.0 (gemeinfrei) · Bearbeitet nach www.nps.gov
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