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The U.S. firearm homicide rate rose sharply from 2019 to 2020, to a level not seen in more than two decades, with widening racial and ethnic disparities, and rose again in 2021. CDC used final mortality data for 2019–2021 and provisional data for 2022, from the National Vital Statistics System (via CDC WONDER), with Census population estimates, to see what happened next.
2022: down, but not back
In 2022 the national rate fell for the first time since the 2020 surge — but at 5.9 per 100,000 it stayed well above 2019's 4.4: 5,223 more firearm homicides than in 2019.
| Rate per 100,000 (deaths) | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black, non-Hispanic | 20.5 (8,438) | 28.3 (11,832) | 30.4 (12,721) | 27.5 (11,565) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 6.4 (154) | 7.9 (191) | 7.7 (185) | 9.3 (224) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 3.8 (2,301) | 4.8 (2,947) | 5.5 (3,455) | 5.5 (3,500) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 1.6 (3,129) | 2.0 (3,969) | 2.1 (4,064) | 2.0 (3,828) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 1.0 (202) | 1.0 (208) | 1.2 (241) | 1.1 (233) |
| All | 4.4 (14,414) | 5.8 (19,384) | 6.3 (20,958) | 5.9 (19,637) |
"All" includes the non-Hispanic multiple-race group, not shown separately. Some groups, especially American Indian and Alaska Native people, may be undercounted through misclassification.
- Black Americans: the rate fell in 2022 but remained far above 2019.
- American Indian and Alaska Native people: the rate rose in 2022, above both 2020 and 2021.
- Hispanic people: leveled off, still above 2019.
- White and Asian or Pacific Islander people: lower rates that rose to 2021, then dipped.
Why — and what helps
The surge has been linked to economic and social stressors and disrupted health and emergency services, rooted in long-standing inequities in areas such as employment and housing, and worsened by COVID-19.
Continued prevention, especially against the social and structural conditions behind violence, is needed:
- policies and programs for economic and housing security;
- hospital and community outreach and violence interruption programs;
- secure firearm storage to prevent unauthorized use;
- environmental changes, such as cleaning up vacant lots;
- therapeutic approaches to trauma;
- partnerships with community organizations serving the people most affected.
Sources
Based on Kegler SR, Simon TR, Sumner SA, "Notes from the Field: Firearm Homicide Rates, by Race and Ethnicity — United States, 2019–2022," MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, volume 72, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain. The 2022 figures are provisional.
Lizenz: CC0 1.0 (gemeinfrei) · Bearbeitet nach www.cdc.gov
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