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Why subgroups matter
Non-Hispanic Asian and non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander people are growing parts of the U.S. population, but cancer studies often group them together — although they are culturally, geographically and linguistically diverse. CDC looked at new cancer cases in 25 subgroups, using U.S. Cancer Statistics data for 2015–2019 from population-based cancer registries covering about 99% of the U.S. population.
Key findings
- 292,147 new invasive cancer cases: 273,656 among Asian people and 18,491 among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander people.
- The share of cases in women ranged from 47.1% to 68.2%, and the share diagnosed before age 40 from 3.1% to 20.2%.
- Breast cancer was the most common cancer in 18 of the 25 subgroups. But lung cancer was most common among Chamoru, Micronesian and Vietnamese people, and colorectal cancer among Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian and Papua New Guinean people.
- The share of screening-detectable cancers found at a late stage varied widely: breast 25.7%–40.3%, cervical 38.1%–61.1%, colorectal 52.4%–64.7% and lung 70.0%–78.5%.
Who was diagnosed
- By region of origin: East Asian 92,562 cases (31.7% of all), Southeast Asian 71,721 (24.5%), South Asian 44,890 (15.4%) and other Asian 64,483 (22.1%).
- Women: about half of cases in both groups — 56.2% among Asian and 56.5% among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander people. Highest among Tahitian (68.2%), Thai (65.5%) and Fiji Islander (65.1%) people.
- Under 40: about a tenth of cases — 8.5% and 9.6%. Highest among Hmong (20.2%), Micronesian (18.1%) and Melanesian (15.7%) people; lowest among Japanese people (3.1%).
The most common cancer, by subgroup
| Subgroup | Most common cancer (share of the subgroup's cases) |
|---|---|
| Chinese | breast, 16.9% (lung close behind, 15.3%) |
| Japanese | breast, 20.5% |
| Korean | breast, 17.9% |
| Filipino | breast, 23.4% |
| Asian Indian | breast, 20.7% |
| Vietnamese | lung, 16.4% |
| Cambodian | colorectal, 15.9% |
| Hmong | colorectal, 13.1% |
| Laotian | colorectal, 14.8% |
| Native Hawaiian | breast, 19.4% |
| Samoan | breast, 13.9% |
| Fiji Islander | breast, 27.5% |
| Chamoru | lung, 18.9% |
| Micronesian | lung, 11.7% |
Liver cancer stands out in some Southeast Asian groups: 11.0% of cases among Cambodian people, 11.7% among Laotian and 9.9% among Vietnamese, against 4.1% for all Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander people.
Found late
For cancers that screening can detect, the share diagnosed at a late stage — spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes, or farther:
| Cancer | Lowest | Highest |
|---|---|---|
| Breast | Japanese, 25.7% | Pacific Islander, 40.3% (other Southeast Asian, 40.2%) |
| Cervical | other Asian, 38.1% | Korean, 61.1% |
| Colorectal | other Asian, 52.4% | other Southeast Asian, 64.7% |
| Lung | other Asian, 70.0% | other Southeast Asian, 78.5% |
"Other Southeast Asian" combines Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian and Thai people, because of small numbers.
Why it matters
- Screening gaps partly explain late diagnoses. In 2018, Asian American people were less likely than White or Black people to be up to date with colorectal cancer testing, Pap smears or mammograms.
- The pandemic: in April 2020, breast cancer screening among Asian and Pacific Islander women in CDC's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program fell 97% below the previous 5-year average, and cervical cancer screening 92%. CDC has partnered with health care providers to get screening back on time.
- Tailored programs: after studies found high liver cancer rates among Asian and Pacific Islander people combined, the Hawaii Comprehensive Cancer Coalition ran a culturally and linguistically appropriate statewide hepatitis B vaccination media campaign for those born outside the U.S. In Massachusetts, the state's comprehensive cancer steering committee is working with advocacy and outreach partners to raise breast cancer screening among Asian women. CDC's Breast Cancer Disparities Tool Kit encourages partner engagement, trusted messengers and evaluation.
- Programs that are culturally and linguistically competent, and that address social determinants of health — the conditions in which people live, learn, work and play — are best placed to reduce these disparities.
Limits
National population figures weren't available for every subgroup, so the report gives counts and percentages, not rates. Small numbers limited some comparisons; multiracial people weren't included; and other risk factors aren't routinely collected by cancer registries.
Sources
Based on Suzanne Bock, S. Jane Henley, Mary Elizabeth O'Neil, Simple D. Singh, Trevor D. Thompson and Manxia Wu, "Cancer Distribution Among Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Subgroups — United States, 2015–2019," MMWR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain. Its table shows uterine cancer as the most common among Polynesian people and a tie between breast and colorectal cancer among Papua New Guinean people, which its text counts differently.
Licencia: CC0 1.0 (dominio público) · Adaptado de www.cdc.gov
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