Structural Biochemistry, Ovarian Cancer

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer which abnormal cells begin to grow in one or both of a woman's ovaries. An ovary is a small gland, located on both sides of the uterus; it is known for producing and storing eggs.

Causes of Ovarian Cancer

There is no known cause of ovarian cancer, however researchers know that DNA chances can play a factor into cancer causing cells.

Signs & Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

In several cases, ovarian cancer is not diagnosed until it is in its later stages. However, the most common symptoms of ovarian cancer are:

• Frequent bloating
• Pelvic or abdominal pain
• Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
• Bloating or swollen belly area

If these symptoms persist daily for more than 2 to 3 weeks, it is best to consult a doctor.

There are other symptoms that occur with ovarian cancer, but are not necessarily a sign of cancer. They consist of:

• Fatigue
• Indigestion
• Back pain
• Pain with intercourse
• Constipation
• Menstrual cycle changes

Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer

Unfortunately, ovarian cancer is often not detected in its earlier stages. However, some tests are done if a patient is showing signs of ovarian cancer.

Some exams that are used to diagnose ovarian cancer include:

• Biopsy
• Physical exams, including a pelvic exam and a Pap test
• Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) test to measure amount of protein found on cancer cell surfaces
• Pelvic and transvaginal ultrasounds
• Pelvic or abdominal CT scan or MRI

Treating Ovarian Cancer

At the moment, surgery is used to treat all stages of ovarian cancer. Surgery can involve either:

• Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy)
• Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes
• Partial or complete removal of the omentum (the fatty later that covers and cushions the organs in the abdomen)
• Examination, biopsy, or removal of the lymph node and other tissues in the pelvis and abdomen

Surgery in ovarian cancer has been known to show a high success rate.

Chemotherapy is also an option to treat any remaining cancerous cells after surgery.

References

• http://www.webmd.com/ovarian-cancer/default.htm
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001891/

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