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Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, just northeast of Jacksonville, Florida, lies between the Nassau and St. Johns rivers in Duval County. Authorised on 16 February 1988, it covers about 18,721 hectares (46,263 acres) and protects one of the largest salt-marsh estuaries left on the southeast coast of the United States.
Tidal wetland in the preserve. NPS
People, over 6,000 years
The preserve is named for the Timucua, the people living in the St. Johns River valley when Europeans first arrived. More than 200 archaeological sites record over 6,000 years of human history, among them Archaic shell rings and shell middens that show how the Timucua and earlier peoples lived. The preserve also holds Kingsley Plantation, one of the oldest surviving plantations from Florida's Spanish colonial period before the Civil War.
What the ground is made of
Everything at the surface here — in the preserve and at neighbouring Fort Caroline National Memorial — is young and loose: unconsolidated sediments laid down in salt marsh, beach, shallow sea and lagoon.
| Deposit | Age | What and where |
|---|---|---|
| Beach-ridge and dune deposits | Quaternary | mostly quartz sand with a little clay and organic matter; beneath both the preserve and Fort Caroline |
| Undifferentiated deposits | Quaternary | the same sands, mapped separately in the northwest near Thomas Creek |
| Undifferentiated sediments | Holocene (the last ~11,700 years) | along the St. Johns and Nassau rivers and their tributaries |
The preserve belongs to the Coastal Plain physiographic province, and shares its geologic history and formations with that much larger region.
Maps and reports
The NPS Geologic Resources Inventory, which maps more than 270 natural-resource parks, has products for Timucuan — scoping summaries, a digital geologic map for GIS, a report and a poster — in the NPS DataStore (saved search 3182). A Soil Resources Inventory is complete as well (saved search 3133).
More: Timucuan nature and science · the preserve's home page · Florida Geological Survey
Sources
Written from "NPS Geodiversity Atlas—Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Florida," Geologic Resources Division, National Park Service; a work of the United States government in the public domain. It cites Scott and others (1986) and National Park Service (2012).
Licencia: CC0 1.0 (dominio público) · Adaptado de www.nps.gov
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