Raw Milk | Food Safety | CDC

What to know

• Pasteurization is crucial for milk safety, killing harmful germs that can cause illness.
• Consuming raw milk can lead to serious health risks, especially for certain vulnerable populations.
• Choosing pasteurized milk and dairy products is the best way to safely enjoy the nutritional benefits of milk.

Overview

Raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized, a process that removes disease-causing germs by heating milk to a high enough temperature for a certain length of time. It's important to understand that raw milk can be a source of foodborne illness. While good practices on farms can reduce contamination, they cannot guarantee safety from harmful germs. Pasteurized milk offers the same nutritional benefits without the risks of raw milk consumption. Since the early 1900s, pasteurization has greatly reduced milk-borne illnesses.

Raw milk and A(H5N1) virus

CDC recommends against consuming raw milk contaminated with live A(H5N1) virus as a way to develop antibodies against A(H5N1) virus to protect against future disease. Consuming raw milk could make you sick.

Drinking or eating products made from raw milk can expose people to germs such as Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, E. coli, Listeria, Brucella, and Salmonella.

Some groups, such as children under 5, adults over 65, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems, are at a higher risk of serious illness from these germs.

Keep ReadingPeople at Increased Risk for Food Poisoning

Symptoms

Symptoms of foodborne illness from raw milk can include diarrhea, stomach cramping, and vomiting. In some cases, more severe outcomes like Guillain-Barré syndrome or hemolytic uremic syndrome can occur, potentially leading to paralysis, kidney failure, stroke, or even death.

Prevention

• Choose pasteurized milk and dairy products, making sure to read labels carefully.
• Refrigerate perishable foods at 40°F or colder to slow bacterial growth. Bacteria can multiply rapidly if left at room temperature or in the “Danger Zone” between 40°F and 140°F.
• Never leave perishable food out for more than 2 hours (or 1 hour if exposed to temperatures above 90°F, like in a hot car or at a picnic).
• Throw away expired or spoiled food. When in doubt, throw it out.

Patient stories

Raw Milk and Food Poisoning: Julie's Story

Learn about one family's experience with foodborne illness and the dangers of consuming raw milk.

Raw Milk and Food Poisoning: Mary's Story

Learn about one mom's experience with foodborne illness when her son consumed raw milk.

Raw Milk and Food Poisoning: Kalee's Story

In this video, Kalee Prue tells her story about getting sick after drinking raw milk.

Resources

Raw Milk: Know the Raw Facts

Foodborne Illness Outbreaks Linked to Unpasteurized Milk and Relationship to Changes in State Laws – United States, 1998–2018

FDA: Raw Milk Misconceptions and the Danger of Raw Milk Consumption

FDA: The Dangers of Raw Milk: Unpasteurized Milk Can Pose a Serious Health Risk

FDA: Raw Milk Questions and Answers

Podcast: Raw or Nonpasteurized Products Can Make You Sick

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