By August 31, 2022, how many U.S. children and adolescents had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose — and did it differ by race and ethnicity? CDC analyzed the National Immunization Survey–Child COVID Module, a phone survey of 94,838 parents conducted from September 2021 to September 2022.
At least one dose, by August 31, 2022
Coverage with at least one dose, by race and ethnicity, for ages 5–11 (A), 12–15 (B) and 16–17 (C). CDC.
| Age | All | Asian | Hispanic | Black | White | Other or multiple |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5–11 | 33.2% | 63.4% | 34.5% | 29.8% | 31.2% | 33.8% |
| 12–15 | 59.0% | 89.2% | 63.9% | 56.6% | 55.5% | 58.6% |
| 16–17 | 68.6% | 91.8% | 77.3% | 65.5% | 64.6% | 67.8% |
- Asian children and adolescents had the highest coverage at every age, then Hispanic.
- At 12–17, Black, White and other or multiple race coverage was similar.
- At 5–11, Black children's coverage was 4.0 to 33.6 points lower than Asian, Hispanic and other or multiple race children's.
- Coverage was higher where the mother had a college degree, household income was $75,000 or more, the child often wore a mask in public, or had a flu vaccine.
Doses, boosters and intent, July–September 2022
| Ages 5–17 | At least 1 dose | Primary series | Booster | Unvaccinated, reachable | Unvaccinated, reluctant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 47.2% | 43.3% | 14.7% | 19.5% | 33.4% |
| Asian | 73.4% | 69.3% | 22.4% | 14.9% | 11.7% |
| Black | 44.7% | 39.1% | 9.3% | 28.9% | 26.4% |
| Hispanic | 49.0% | 43.5% | 13.4% | 26.2% | 24.8% |
| White | 45.0% | 42.3% | 15.9% | 14.8% | 40.3% |
| Other or multiple | 49.0% | 45.4% | 16.4% | 14.6% | 36.4% |
"Reachable" means the parent might vaccinate; "reluctant" means they probably or definitely would not.
Most children who started the series finished it. Large shares of Black and Hispanic children were unvaccinated but reachable, so coverage could still rise; among White and other or multiple race children, reluctance outweighed reachability.
What parents said
- Parents of vaccinated children were confident in the vaccine's importance (93.1%) and safety (78.8%).
- Parents of reachable children still rated importance high (76.7%) but trusted safety far less (40.2%).
- Parents of reachable and reluctant children were much less likely to say friends and family had vaccinated their children (6.4%–21.2%, against 72.9%) or that a provider had recommended it (27.9%–35.9%, against 61.8%).
- Among reluctant parents, those of Black and Hispanic children were the most worried about COVID-19 and the most confident in the vaccine's importance.
What would help
Provider recommendations and trusted community messengers delivering culturally relevant information, especially on safety — the drivers where unvaccinated families lagged most.
Limits
- The response rate was 18.1%; weighting may not remove all bias.
- Vaccination was reported by parents; dates were imputed for 20.2% of vaccinated children.
- American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander children were too few to report separately and sit in "other or multiple race".
Sources
Based on Valier MR, Elam-Evans LD, Mu Y, et al. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Children and Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years and Parental Intent to Vaccinate Their Children — National Immunization Survey–Child COVID Module, United States, December 2020–September 2022." MMWR; a work of the United States government in the public domain. Asian, Black, White and other or multiple race children are non-Hispanic; Hispanic children may be of any race.
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