A U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard (Specifications for representation of geographic point locations for information

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 878-B

This report describes one of a series of data standards adopted and implemented by the U.S. Geological Survey for the standardization of data elements and representations used in automated Earth-science systems. Earth sciences are those scientific disciplines especially required to carry out the mission of the Geological Survey and are concerned with the material and morphology of the Earth and the physical forces relating to the Earth. These disciplines include geology, topography, geography, and hydrology.

The Geological Survey has assumed the leadership in developing and maintaining Earth-science data element and representation standards for use in the Federal establishment under the terms of a Memorandum of Understanding signed in February 1980 by the National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, and the Geological Survey, Department of Interior. As such, in addition to developing and maintaining standards, the Geological Survey reviews and processes all requests referred by the National Bureau of Standards for exceptions, deferments, and revision of standards applicable to Federal Earth-science information systems; assists the National Bureau of Standards in assessing the need, impact, benefits, and problems related to the implementation of standards being considered for development, or developed, for use in the Earth sciences; and works with other agencies in developing new data standards in the Earth sciences.

The standard described in this report has been specifically approved for use within the U.S. Geological Survey. If the standard has been approved for use throughout the Federal establishment, it is also published by the National Bureau of Standards as a Federal Information Processing Standard.

Name of Standard: Specifications for Representation of Geographic Point

Date of Approval: April 1983 Maintenance Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Implementation: All Geological Survey data standards are effective

Additional information about Geological Survey data standards and copies of published standards may be obtained from: Locations for Information Interchange.

Questions concerning the specifications should be addressed to the Office of Systems and Techniques Development which will make all necessary amendments to the standard.

immediately upon the date of approval. Their use is mandatory for all new and developing systems within the Geological Survey that utilize data elements and representations described by the standards. All existing data systems will be modified in accordance with the standards at such time that future redesign and modifications to the systems take place.

Information Systems Division 115 National Center Reston, VA 22092 Telephone: (703) 860-6086 FTS 928-6086 National Mapping Division Office of Systems and Techniques Development 525 National Center Reston, VA 22092

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 878-B

1. Purpose and Scope...................................................B2
2. Specifications for Geographic Point Location Systems................B3 2.1 Representations for Latitude and Longitude.....................B3

2.2 Representation for Universal Transverse Mercator System (UTM)......B6

2.3 Representations for State Plane Coordinate Systems.................B8

3* Specifications for Altitude Data (Optional).........................B12 3*1 General........................................................B12 3.2 Representation of altitude.....................................B12 2.1.1 Sequencing of latitude and longitude....................B3 2.1.2 Use of Separators.......................................B3 2.1.3 Representation of degrees...............................B3

2.1.4 Representation of minutes...............................B4 2.1.5 Representation of seconds...............................B4 2.1.6 Representation of radians...............................B4

2.1.7 Representation of hemispheric information...............B4

2.2.1 Sequencing of UTM and hemisphere codes..................B7 2.2.2 Precision...............................................B7

2.31 Jurisdictional representation...........................B9 2.32 Zone representation.....................................B9

2.3.3 Sequencing of X coordinates and Y coordinates...........B10 2.3.4 Use of separators.......................................B10 2.35 X coordinate representation.............................B10 2.36 Y coordinate representation.............................B11 2.3.7 Examples of SPCS representation........................B11 2.38 Z coordinate representation.............................B11 2.3*9 Conversion computations.................................B11

32.1 Precision...............................................B12 32.2 Altitude data...........................................B12 3*2.3 Unit of measurement.....................................B12 Page

2.1.3.1 Latitude.......................................B4 2.1.3.2 Longitude......................................B4

2.1.6.1 Latitude.......................................B4 2.1.6.2 Longitude......................................B4

2.1.7.1 Alternate representation of hemispheric information..........................................B5

2.1.8.1 Maximum precision.............................. B6

2.3.2.1 One or two character representation............B9 2.3.2.2 Four character representation..................B9

3.2.4 Representation of numbers...............................B12 3.2.5 Sequencing of data......................................B13 3.2.6 Examples of altitude data using feet as the optional unit of measure.............................B13 3.2.7 Examples of altitude data with point coordinate data....B13 Selected references..................................................B14

TABLES Page Table 1. Universal Transverse Mercator Zone Locations and Central Meridians..............................................617

2. Zone Representation Codes...................................... 618

3* Jurisdictions and State Plane Coordinate Systems...............619

4. Jurisdictions, State Plane Coordinate Systems, and Alternate Zone Representations.................................621

IV This standard establishes uniform formats for geographic point location data. Geographic point location refers to the use of a coordinate system to define the position of a point that may be on, above, or below the Earth's surface. It provides a means for representing these data in digital form for the purpose of interchanging information among data systems and improving clarity and accuracy of interpersonal communications.

This document is an expansion and clarification of National Bureau of Standards FIPS PUB 70, issued October 24, 1980. There are minor editorial changes, plus the following additions and modifications: Specifications for

Representation of Geographic Point Locations

(1) The representation of latitude and longitude using radian measure was added.

(2) Alternate 2 for Representation of Hemispheric Information was deleted.

(3) Use of the maximum precision for all numerical values was emphasized. The Alternate Representation of Precision was deleted.

(4) The length of the zone representation for the State Plane Coordinate System was standardized.

(5) The term altitude was substituted for elevation throughout to conform with international usage.

(6) Section 3, Specifications for Altitude Data, was expanded and upgraded significantly to the same level of detail as for the horizontal values.

(7) A table delineating the coverage of Universal Transverse Mercator zones and the longitudes of the Central Meridians was added and the other tables renumbered.

(8) The total length of the representation of point location data at maximum precision was standardized.

1. Purpose and Scope

Geographic point location refers to the use of a coordinate system to define the position of a point that may be on, above, or below the Earth's surface.

This standard is designed to establish uniform formats for geographic point location data. It provides a means for representing these data in digital form for the purpose of interchanging information among data systems and for improving clarity and accuracy in interpersonal communications.

Specifically, this standard is intended to:

(1) Provide for uniform representation of geographic point location data.

(2) Minimize the amount of human intervention required for communicating geographic point location data.

(3) Reduce the time required to format and transmit the elements of geographic point location data.

There are many systems available for indicating point locations. This standard is applicable only to the three most widely used in the United States: Latitude and Longitude, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) System, and State Plane Coordinate Systems (SPCS). These systems are mathematically interconvertible and are also officially recognized by the many surveying and mapping agencies of Federal and State governments. This standard does not provide a methodology for use of the three systems covered, nor does it recommend any particular system.

This standard applies to uniquely identified locations and does not necessarily apply to a series of coordinates at small intervals, such as digital cartographic data used to represent linear map features, terrain profiles, or elevation models.

Use of altitude data is not required for defining points on the Earth's surface. However, for defining points either above or below the Earth's surface or for describing the topography, altitude is required. Therefore, specifications for altitude data are provided as an optional feature of this standard. For consistency with international usage, the word altitude is used in preference to elevation.

Determination of specific geographic point location information is the user's responsibility, as is the accuracy and reliability of the information. This standard does not prescribe file sequences, storage media, programming languages, or other features of information processing to be used in its implementation.

A list of references is provided in section 4 for detailed information on the methodology, techniques, and applications of the three systems.

2. Specifications for Geographic Point Location Systems

longitude are coordinate representations that show locations on the surface of the Earth using the Earth's Equator and the prime meridian (Greenwich, England) as the respective latitudinal and longitudinal origins.

Although there are applications in which only latitude or longitude needs to be recorded, both are usually stated. The sequencing of latitude and longitude then becomes important and is addressed in this standard. Because latitude and longitude are angular quantities, they are expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds, or, optionally, in radians. The standard provides for the representation of latitude and longitude in decimal fractions of degrees, minutes, seconds, or radians. The designation of the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Hemispheres is also treated.

given first to the left when inscribed with longitude on one line, or above when latitude and longitude are given vertically in relationship to each other. Sequencing shall be from high order to low order (left-toright direction) in expressing degrees, minutes, and seconds in either latitude or longitude. When a decimal fraction of a degree is used, neither minutes nor seconds may be expressed; similarly, when a decimal fraction of a minute is used, no seconds may be expressed.

understanding of the contents of data files. When separators are used, the following guidelines are to be followed.

(1) Separators between latitude and longitude: latitude shall be

(2) Separators between elements within latitude or longitude: no

It is recognized that degrees, minutes, and seconds are conventionally denoted and separated by using superscripts. For this standard, such designations have not been included as permissible primarily because many data processing machines cannot recognize or reproduce the conventional superscripts.

longitude, when a decimal fraction of a degree is specified, it shall be separated from the whole number of degrees by a decimal point and expressed numerically to the number of places required by the desired precision. 2.1 Representations for Latitude and Longitude. Latitude and

2.1.1 Sequencing of Latitude and Longitude. Latitude shall be

2.1.2 Use of Separators. Separators are permissible to enhance

separated from longitude by either a comma or a blank. No other symbol shall be used as a separator between these items.

separators shall be used other than the decimal point, as specified in sections 2.1.3* 2.1.4, 2.1.5, and 2.1.6.

2.1.3 Representation of Degrees. For both latitude and

B3 represented by a decimal number ranging from 0 through 90. For all values, leading zeros and (or) blanks shall be given (for example, 001, b15, or bb3, where b represents a blank or space).

represented by a decimal number ranging from 0 through 180. For values less than 100, leading zero(s) and (or) blanks shall be given (for example, 001, 027, bl8, or bb3).

tude, the minutes shall be represented by a two-digit decimal number ranging from 00 through 59. For values less than 10, a leading zero shall be given. When a location is indicated by degrees, minutes, and decimal fractions of a minute, the decimal fraction shall be separated from the whole number of minutes by a decimal point and expressed numerically to the number of places required by the desired precision.

tude, seconds shall be represented by a two-digit decimal number ranging from 00 through 59* For values less than 10, a leading zero shall be given. When a location is indicated by degrees, minutes, seconds, and decimal fractions of a second, the decimal fraction shall be separated from the whole number of seconds by a decimal point and expressed numerically to the number of places required by the desired precision.

latitude and longitude is by converting degrees to radians. One degree is equal to 0.01745 32925 19943 radians.

as a one digit number (0 or 1) followed by a decimal fraction. The maximum value of latitude in radians should not exceed one-half PI or 1.57079 63268. See section 2.1.8 for a discussion of the necessary precision.

pressed as a one digit number (0, 1, 2, or 3) followed by a decimal fraction. The maximum value of longitude should not exceed PI or 3*14159 26536. See section 2.1.8 for a discussion of the necessary precision.

of representing the hemisphere are permitted. If the alternate representation, as described in section 2.1.7.1, is used, that information must be included in the documentation accompanying the interchange.

With the exception of radian values, latitudes north of the Equator may be specified by an uppercase "N" immediately following the last digit for latitude. Latitudes south of the Equator may be designated by an uppercase "S" immediately following the last digit for latitude. A point on the Equator shall be assigned to the Northern Hemisphere.

2.1.3.1 Latitude. The degrees of latitude shall be

2.1.3.2 Longitude. The degrees of longitude shall be

2.1.4 Representation of Minutes. For both latitude and longi-

2.1.5 Representation of Seconds. For both latitude and longi-

2.1.6 Representation of Radians. Another way of representing

2.1.6.1 Latitude. Radians of latitude shall be expressed

2.1.6.2 Longitude. Radians of longitude shall be ex-

2.1.7 Representation of Hemispheric Information. Two methods

B4 With the exception of radian values, longitudes east of the prime meridian may be specified by an uppercase "E" immediately following the last digit for longitude. Longitudes west of the prime meridian may be designated by an uppercase "W" immediately following the last digit for longitude. A point on the prime meridian shall be assigned to the Eastern Hemisphere. A point on the 180th meridian shall be assigned to the Western Hemisphere.

All radian values shall use the alternate representation following.

ation. Latitudes north of the Equator may be specified by a plus sign (+) immediately preceding the digits designating degrees. Latitudes south of the Equator may be designated by a minus sign (-) preceding the digits designating degrees. A point on the Equator shall be assigned to the Northern Hemisphere. Longitudes east of the prime meridian may be specified by a plus sign (+) immediately preceding the digits designating degrees of longitude. Longitudes west of the meridian may be designated by a minus sign (-) preceding the digits designating degrees. A point on the prime meridian shall be assigned to the Eastern Hemisphere. A point on the 180th meridian shall be assigned to the Western Hemisphere.

of precision, as illustrated in the numbered examples below. (Separation is shown by using a comma, with the understanding that a space [blank] could have been used instead of a comma.) The number of digits does not necessarily imply precision.

(1) Degrees and decimal fractions of a degree:

(2) Degrees and minutes:

(3) Degrees, minutes, and decimal fractions of a minute:

(4) Degrees, minutes, and seconds:

(5) Degrees, minutes, seconds and decimal fractions of a second:

(6) Radians: 2.1.7*1 Alternate Representation of Hemispheric Inform-

2.1.8 Precision. A point can be represented at various levels

B5 (2) the Transverse Mercator (TM) Projection (not to be confused with the UTM);

(3) the Oblique Mercator Projection in southeastern Alaska.

A zone may be defined in one of three ways. In each of these three methods, an arbitrary point of origin in latitude and longitude is one element of the definition of the zone. The other element of definition varies with the conformal mapping projection system used in the zone:

(1) Lambert Projection two standard parallels of latitude bounding the zone;

(2) Transverse Mercator Projection one central (longitudinal) meridian at a designated longitude;

(3) Alaska Oblique Mercator Projection as defined in detailed Alaska State Plane Coordinate System specifications. See section 4.

The arbitrary point of origin for each zone is typically located outside the geographic area it covers. This is designed to meet the objective that no coordinate may have a negative value.

identifies the 50 States that comprise the United States, as well as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Guam. There are two alternative methods for representation of jurisdictions: a two-character abbreviation and a two-digit numeric code. These representations can be found in table 4 and are derived from FIPS PUB 5-1, "States and Outlying Areas of the United States (including the District of Columbia)." This representation is not used when the four character zone representation is used (see 2.3*2.2).

identifies each of the zones or State Plane Coordinate Systems found within a jurisdiction as represented in accordance with section 2.31 Two methods are provided.

method for zone or SPCS representation provides for a left-justified code of one or two characters which may be alphabetic or numeric. This code will accommodate all zones in the jurisdictions using SPCS; it is mnemonic and is based on standard, common nomenclature used in the jurisdictions to indicate specific zones. Table 2 shows this code; a wb w represents a blank (space) in the individual code entry. Table 3 is a summary listing of representations for the State Plane Coordinate Systems and zones within all jurisdictions.

sentation, each of the zones or SPCS in each jurisdiction is uniquely identified by a four character numeric code. Table 4 is a summary listing 2.3.1 Jurisdictional Representation. This representation

2.3.2 Zone Representation. This representation uniquely

2.3*2.1 One or Two Character Representation. The first

2.3.2.2 Four Character Representation. In this repre-

B9 (2) Where a decimal fraction is used, it shall be one or two positions in length, as required (for example, .1, .15). (3) Where a decimal fraction is not used, the X coordinate shall be not less than 0000001 foot, and not more than 9999999 feet.

Therefore, for interchange purposes, the maximum sized coordinate shall consist of seven high-order decimal digits, that is, NNNNNNN.NN.

coordinate shall be the same as those set forth in section 2.3*5 for X coordinate representation.

blank space.

A point in the Virginia North zone:

A point in the Wyoming West Central zone:

utilized in some applications, although it is not part of an official SPCS. See section 3 for formatting of altitude data.

projection tables for the State Plane Coordinate Systems are available to assist with conversion computations. These are listed in section 4. 2.3.6 Y Coordinate Representation. The requirements for this

2.3.7 Examples of SPCS Representation. The b represents a

2.3.8 Z Coordinate Representation. The altitude coordinate is

2.3.9 Conversion Computations. Publications containing

3. Specifications for Altitude Data (Optional)

3.1 General. Altitude of a point, as used in this standard, is defined as the vertical distance in meters either above or below a reference surface. In the United States, this reference surface is the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, which approximates mean sea level.

If altitude data are included in the representation of the point, those data shall follow the geographic data. They shall be separated by a comma or blank, whichever is used for the geographic portion.

3.2 Representation of Altitude.

contain a decimal point. If a representation for an altitude contains a decimal point, the number of places after the decimal point should reflect the inherent precision of the measurement. The number of digits in an integer does not necessarily imply precision.

character specifying sign. All altitude measurements below the reference datum shall be designated by a minus sign (-) preceding the number. Measurements at or above the reference datum may be designated by a blank or a plus sign (+), but usage should be consistent throughout a set of data.

the State Plane Coordinate System, feet are used as the unit measure. Otherwise, the meter is assumed to be the unit measure and the use of feet is optional. When feet are used optionally, this information will be specified in the documentation associated with the interchange.

maximum precision in meters will consist of four (optionally five for ocean subsurface data) digits before the decimal point and three digits after the decimal point for a total of nine (optionally ten) characters including the character for the sign. The representation for maximum precision in feet will consist of five digits before the decimal point and two digits after the decimal point for a total of nine characters including the character for the sign. Leading zeros are required for use in numbers that are less than the prescribed maximum number of digits when the maximum precision is specified.

The following are examples of altitude data (b represents a blank space):

Less than maximum precision: +45 3.2.1 Precision. Representation of altitude may or may not

3*2.2 Altitude Data. All altitude measurements shall include a

3*2.3 Unit of Measurement. When the point data are given in

3*2.4 Representation of Numbers. The representation for

B12 -130 b200 b10.5 Maximum precision: +0132.417

The b represents a blank space. 3.2.7 Examples of Altitude Data with Point Coordinate Data.

0352215.2417N,0800000.1234W,+1000.467 +0352215.24l7b-0800000.1234bb1000.467 WY,WC,0496132.81,3467187.28,+06172.53 +05,b426453.473,6596814.917,blOOO.467 +b435698.2402,-1031213-5568,+bb45.663

4. Selected References continued List of publications necessary for conversion computations on the State Plane Coordinate Systems

Coast and Geodetic Publication Survey Special Title Publication Number_____________________________________ 304 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Alabama 65-1 Plane Coordinate Intersection Tables Alaska 257 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Arizona 289 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Arkansas 253 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables California 276 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Colorado 266 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Connecticut 305 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Delaware 255 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Florida 322 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Georgia 302 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Hawaiian Islands 306 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Idaho 303 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Illinois 259 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Indiana 284 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Iowa 285 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Kansas 290 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Kentucky 291 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Louisiana (Revised) 256 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Maine 292 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Maryland (includes D.C.) 274 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Massachusetts 65-3 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Michigan 264 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Minnesota 321 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Mississippi 319 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Missouri 261 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Montana 286 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Nebraska 318 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Nevada 317 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables New Hampshire 316 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables New Jersey 324 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables New Mexico 323 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables New York 272 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables North Carolina 262 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables North Dakota 269 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Ohio 287 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Oklahoma 270 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Oregon 267 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Pennsylvania G-59 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Philippine Islands 65-2 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Puerto Rico and Virgin Is. 315 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Rhode Island 273 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables South Carolina 263 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables South Dakota

Coast and Geodetic Publication Survey Special Title

268 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Tennessee 252 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Texas 277 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Utah 314 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Vermont 293 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Virginia 271 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Washington 275 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables West Virginia 288 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Wisconsin 258 Plane Coordinate Projection Tables Vfyoming

Table 1 Universal Transverse Mercator Zone Locations and Central Meridians

Zone C.M.

177W 171W 165W 159W 153W 147W 141W 135W 129W 123W 117W 111W 105W 099W 093W 087W 081W 07 5W 069W 06 3W 057W 051W 045W 03 9W 033W 027W 021W 015W 009W 003W Zone Range

180W-174W 174W-168W 168W-162W 162W-156W 156W-150W 150W-144W 144W-138W 138W-132W 132W-126W 126W-120W 120W-114W 114W-108W 108W-102W 102W-096W 096W-090W 090W-084W 084W-078W 078W-072W 072W-066W 066W-060W 060W-054W 054W-048W 048W-042W 042W-036W 036W-030W 030W-024W 024W-018W 018W-012W 012W-006W 006W-OOOE

B17 C.M.

003E 009E 015E 021E 027E 033E 039E 045E 051E 057E 063E 06 9E 075E 081E 087E 093E 099E 105E HIE 117E 123E 129E 135E 141E 147E 153E 159E 165E 171E 177E Range

OOOE-006E 006B-012E 012E-018E 018E-024E 024E-030E 030B-036E 036E-042E 042B-048E 048E-054E 054EK060E 060&-066E 066B-072E 072E-078E 078E-084E 084E-090E 090EK096E 096E-102E 102B-108E 108E-114E 114B-120E 120E-126E 126B-132E 132B-138E 138EKL44E 144E-150E 150EK156E 156E-162E 162EK168E 168E-174E 174B-180W

Code(s)

bb

SH Mb Ib CM

NC SC EC WC Eb Sb Wb Nb Cb 01-10

SPCS/Zone Represented Jurisdiction(s) Concerned

Single zone in Offshore Mainland Island Central (TM) Long Island North Central South Central East Central West Central East South West North Central Numerically

Zone 1 Zone 2

the same fashion. It is the only State with both alphabetic and numeric official zone designations.

the zones indicated in table 3. For Wyoming only, the numeric zone designations or the alphabetic zone designations are expected to be used separately, without intermixing of codes.

Virgin Islands share one zone, except for the island of St. Croix which is a second, separate zone.

for Michigan by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the State has mandated use of Lambert zones devised by Prof. R. M. Berry of the University of Michigan. The Lambert zones are designed for a special spheroid that, although related to the Clarke Spheroid of 1866, is a reference surface above that spheroid. Use of the Lambert zones has supplanted use of the Mercator. Table 2 Zone Representation Codes

a state

designated zones Nine States, which have only one SPCS/zone American Samoa, Guam Louisiana Massachusetts (one of two zones) Massachusetts (one of two zones) Michigan See note 4. New York (one of four zones) Texas (one of five zones) Texas (one of five zones) Vfyoming (one of four zones) See notes 1 Wyoming (one of four zones) and 2. Many (see table 4) Many (see table 4) Many (see table 4) Many (see table 4) Many (see table 4) For the following States, as shown: Alaska 01 through 10 California 01 through 07 Hawaii 01 through 05 Wyoming 01 through 04 See notes 1 and 2. Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (St. John, St. Thomas) See note 3. Virgin Islands (St. Croix) See note 3.

Table 3 Jurisdictions and State Plane Coordinate Systems Abbrev Num. Jurisdictions

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington

AL AK AZ AR CA GO CT DE (See Maryland) FL GA HI 3D

Blank

ESWNCCESWNMIZ SLS MCCCC IX H

(One)

x-x-x----------- -x-x------------

x-xx------------ x-x-------------

x-x------------- x-x------------- -x-x------------ -x-x------------ x-x------------- __________xx---- xxxxxx---------- -x-xx----------- x-x------------- x-xx------------ -x-xx----------- x-x-x-----------

x-x-x-----------

-x-xx----------- -x-x------------ -x-x------------

B19 - - -

West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Anerican Samoa Guam Puerto Rico ** Virgin Islands ** See note 3, table 2.

W WI W AS GU PR VI

New Hampshire New Jersey Table 4 Jurisdictions, State Plane Coordinate Systems,

ana Airerrerce zone Kepresencaucns continued

North South North South Offshore East West

Mainland Island East Central (Transverse Mercator) West North Central (Lambert) South North Central South East West East Central West North Central South North South East Central West

LA Zone Code Numeric Code

VA

wy

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