Earthquakes in the United States, January-March 1977

Geological Survey

Introduction.................................................................... Al Discussion of tables............................................................ 1 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931....................................... 5 Acknowledgments................................................................. 30 References cited................................................................ 30

TABLE 1. Summary of U.S. earthquakes for January-March 1977:

8. Intensity map for the California-Nevada border earthquake of 22 February 1977. ..................................................... 20
9. Isoseismal map for the northwestern New Mexico earthquake of 5 March 1977. ......................................................... 27

Alaska........................................................... A10 California....................................................... 11 California Off the coast........................................ 12 Delaware......................................................... 13 Hawaii........................................................... 13 Idaho............................................................ 14 Missouri......................................................... 14 Montana.......................................................... 14 Nevada........................................................... 14 New Mexico....................................................... 14 Ohio............................................................. 15 Oregon Off the coast............................................ 15 South Carolina................................................... 15

TABLES

2. Summary of macroseismic data for U.S. earthquakes, January-March 1977:

Alaska........................................................... A15 Arizona.......................................................... 16 California....................................................... 16 Colorado......................................................... 21 Delaware......................................................... 21 Hawaii........................................................... 21 Idaho............................................................ 24 Illinois......................................................... 24 Michigan......................................................... 24 Missouri......................................................... 24 Montana.......................................................... 24 Nevada........................................................... 26 New Mexico....................................................... 26 Ohio............................................................. 28 South Carolina................................................... 28 Utah............................................................. 28 Virgin ia......................................................... 28 Wyoming.......................................................... 29

INTRODUCTION

The earthquake information in this publication supplements that published in the NEIS (National Earthquake Information Service) publications, PDE ("Preliminary Determination of Epicenters") and "Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, Monthly Listing," to the extent of providing detailed felt and intensity data, as well as isoseismal maps for U.S. earthquakes. The purpose is to provide a complete listing of macroseismic effects of earthquakes, which can be used in risk studies, nuclear power plant site evaluations, seismicity studies, and answering inquiries by the public.

This publication contains two major sections. The first (table 1) is a tabular listing of earthquakes in chronological order by State, consisting of the following basic information: date, origin time, hypocenter, magnitude, maximum intensity, and computational source of the hypocenter. The second section consists of three maps and table 2, which lists detailed intensity information. The list of earthquakes in table 1 was compiled from those located in the United States or off the coasts that were published in the TDK; from hypocenters in California above magnitude 3.0, supplied by California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, the University of California, Berkeley, and other offices of the U.S. Geological Survey; from hypocenters in Hawaii supplied by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory; and from any others that were felt or that caused damage, regardless of magnitude or availability of a hypocenter. Known or suspected explosions are also listed.

The intensities and macroseismic data were compiled from information obtained through questionnaires, from newspaper articles, and with the cooperation of other Government agencies, State institutions, local organizations, and individuals. (See "Acknowledgments" for a list of collaborators.) Figure 1 is the questionnaire in current use by the NEIS. Other versions of this questionnaire are used by State agencies, engineering firms, and other Government agencies to collect intensity data. Anyone wishing to submit felt or damage information on earthquakes

Al for inclusion in future reports should send it to the National Earthquake Information Service, Stop 967, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Copies of the current "Earthquake Report" questionnaire can be obtained at this address.

collect macroseismic information is a questionnaire canvass using the "Earthquake Report" forms, which are mailed to postmasters in the area affected by the earthquake. The postmasters complete the forms and return them to the NEIS, where they are evaluated and an intensity value is assigned. The intensity observations are mapped and contoured by isoseismals. Isoseismal contours present a generalization of intensity data and an extrapolation of these data to regions from which there are no observations; they do not necessarily account for every individual observation.

"Earthquake Description" section of "United States Earthquakes," an annual publication, to which later data from other sources may be added for the purpose of updating and completeness. "United States Earthquakes" is published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, and the Environmental Data Service, NOAA, Department of Commerce.

and table 2 include the date, origin time, hypocenter (epicenter and focal depth), magnitude, intensity, and hypocenter source. The origin time and date are listed in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) and local standard time based on the time-zone maps in figures 2 and 3. The epicenters, which were taken from those published in the PDE, or from other sources as noted, are listed here to two decimals. The accuracy of the epicenters is that claimed by the institution supplying the hypocenter and is not necessarily the accuracy indicated by the number of decimals listed. The epicenters located by the NEIS have a varying degree of accuracy, usually two-tenths of The primary method used by the NEIS to

The data in table 2 will be included in the

DISCUSSION OF TABLES

The parameters for the earthquakes in table 1 evaluating the intensities of FIGURE 1. Example of the "Earthquake Report" form used for earthquakes.

A, front side.

A2 the intensities of form used for evaluating FIGURE 1. Example of the "Earthquake Report" B, reverse side. earthquakes.

MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE OF 1931

A5 dizziness or nausea experienced; sometimes trees, structures, liquids, bodies of water, may sway doors may swing, very slowly.

II. Felt indoors by few, especially on upper floors, or by sensitive, or nervous persons. Also, as in grade I, but often more noticeably: sometimes hanging objects may swing, especially when delicately suspended; sometimes trees, structures, liquids, bodies of water, may sway, doors may swing, very slowly; sometimes birds, animals, reported uneasy or disturbed; sometimes dizziness or nausea experienced.

III. Felt indoors by several, motion usually rapid vibration. Sometimes not recognized to be an earthquake at first. Duration estimated in some cases. Vibration like that due to passing of light, or lightly loaded trucks, or heavy trucks some distance away. Hanging objects may swing slightly. Movements may be appreciable on upper levels of tall structures. Rocked standing motor cars slightly.

IV. Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few. Awakened few, especially light sleepers. Frightened no one, unless apprehensive from previous experience. Vibration like that due to passing of heavy or heavily loaded trucks. Sensation like heavy body striking building or falling of heavy objects inside. Rattling of dishes, windows, doors; glassware and crockery clink and clash. Creaking of walls, frame, especially in the upper range of this grade. Hanging objects swung, in numerous instances. Disturbed liquids in open vessels slightly. Rocked standing motor cars noticeably.

V. Felt indoors by practically all, outdoors by many or most: outdoors direction estimated. Awakened many, or most. Frightened few slight excitement, a few ran outdoors. Buildings trembled throughout. Broke dishes, glassware, to some extent. Cracked windows in some cases, but not generally. Overturned vases, small or unstable objects, in many instances, with occasional fall. Hanging objects, doors, swing generally or considerably. Knocked pictures against walls, or swung them out of place. Opened, or closed, doors, shutters, abruptly. Pendulum clocks stopped, started or ran fast, or slow. Moved small objects, furnishings, the latter to slight extent. Spilled liquids in small amounts from well-filled open containers. Trees, bushes, shaken slightly. VI. Felt by all, indoors and outdoors. Frightened many, excitement general, some VII. Frightened all general alarm, all ran

VIII. Fright general alarm approaches panic.

A8 alarm, many ran outdoors. Awakened all. Persons made to move unsteadily. Trees, bushes, shaken slightly to moderately. Liquid set in strong motion. Small bells rang church, chapel, school, etc. Damage slight in poorly built buildings. Fall of plaster in small amount. Cracked plaster somewhat, especially fine cracks chimneys in some instances. Broke dishes, glassware, in considerable quantity, also some windows. Fall of knick-knacks, books, pictures. Overturned furniture in many instances. Moved furnishings of moderately heavy kind.

outdoors. Some, or many, found it difficult to stand. Noticed by persons driving motor cars. Trees and bushes shaken moderately to strongly. Waves on ponds, lakes, and running water. Water turbid from mud stirred up. Incaving to some extent of sand or gravel stream banks. Rang large church bells, etc. Suspended objects made to quiver. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction, slight to moderate in well-built ordinary buildings, considerable in poorly built or badly designed buildings, adobe houses, old walls (especially where laid up without mortar), spires, etc. Cracked chimneys to considerable extent, walls to some extent. Fall of plaster in considerable to large amount, also some stucco. Broke numerous windows, furniture to some extent. Shook down loosened brickwork and tiles. Broke weak chimneys at the roof-line (sometimes damaging roofs). Fall of cornices from towers and high buildings. Dislodged bricks and stones. Overturned heavy furniture, with damage from breaking. Damage considerable to concrete irrigation ditches.

Disturbed persons driving motor cars. Trees shaken strongly branches, trunks, broken off, especially palm trees. Ejected sand and mud in small amounts. Changes: temporary, permanent; in flow of springs and wells; dry wells renewed flow; in temperature of spring and well waters. Damage slight in structures (brick) built especially to withstand earthquakes. Considerable in ordinary substantial buildings, partial collapse: racked, tumbled down, wooden houses in some cases; threw out panel walls in frame structures, broke off decayed piling. Fall of walls. Cracked, broke, solid stone walls seriously. Wet ground to some extent, also ground on steep slopes. Twisting, fall, of chimneys, columns, monuments, also factory stacks, towers. Moved conspicuously, overturned, very heavy furniture. IX. Panic general. Cracked ground conspicuously. Damage considerable in (masonry) structures built especially to withstand earthquakes: Threw out of plumb some wood-frame houses built especially to withstand earthquakes; great in XII. Damage total practically all works of substantial (masonry) buildings, some collapse in large part; or wholly shifted frame buildings off foundations, racked frames; serious to reservoirs; underground pipes sometimes broken.

X. Cracked ground, especially when loose and wet, up to widths of several inches; fissures up to a yard in width ran parallel to canal and stream banks. Landslides considerable from river banks and steep coasts. Shifted sand and mud horizontally on beaches and flat land. Changed level of water in wells. Threw water on banks of canals, lakes, rivers, etc. Damage serious to dams, dikes, embankments. Severe to well-built wooden structures and bridges, some destroyed. Developed dangerous cracks in excellent brick walls. Destroyed most masonry and frame structures, also their foundations. Bent railroad rails slightly. Tore apart, or crushed endwise, pipe lines buried in earth. Open cracks and broad wavy folds in cement pavements and asphalt road surfaces.

XI. Disturbances in ground many and widespread, varying with ground material. Broad fissures, earth slumps, and land slips in soft, wet ground. Ejected water in large amounts charged with sand and mud. Caused sea-waves ("tidal" waves) of significant magnitude. Damage severe to wood-frame structures, especially near shock centers. Great to dams, dikes, embankments often for long distances. Few, if any (masonry) structures remained standing. Destroyed large well-built bridges by the wrecking of supporting piers, or pillars. Affected yielding wooden bridges less. Bent railroad rails greatly, and thrust them endwise. Put pipe lines buried in earth completely out of service.

construction damaged greatly or destroyed. Disturbances in ground great and varied, numerous shearing cracks. Landslides, falls of rock of significant character, slumping of river banks, etc., numerous and extensive. Wrenched loose, tore off, large rock masses. Fault slips in firm rock, with notable horizontal and vertical offset displacements. Water channels, surface and underground, disturbed and modified greatly. Dammed lakes, produced waterfalls, deflected rivers, etc. Waves seen on ground surfaces (actually seen, probably, in some cases). Distorted lines of sight and level. Threw objects upward into the air.

XOb

[Sources of the hypocenter and magnitudes: (A) U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration; (B) University of California, Berkeley; (D) University of Montana, Missoula; (F) USGS Open-File Report 78-672 (Fuis and others, 1978). (G) U.S. Geological Survey, National Earthquake Information Service; <H) U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory; (M) NOAA, Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, Palmer; (P) California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; (S) St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; (U) University of Utah, Salt Lake

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13.8 00 34 22 34 04.1 22 47 39.1 02 28 06.9 04.2 02 53 07 02 20.4 08 00 58.4 08 21 46.0 06 42 31.0 20 02 Ofi.O Ifi7 17.6 21 19 05 56 09.6 27.0 14 59 03 20 36.5 49.0 23 01 20 11 28.8 16 21 56.2 21 13 40.8 05 14 52.5 24.5 00 17 10 14 02.3 02 58 21.4 09 27 53.9 13 46 59.2 01.1 06 13 42.9 22 40 18.0 04 27 10 35 31.9 06 06 30.4 09.4 02 56 20 11 32.8 02 41 33.3 07 46 02.9 18 01 42.0 53.7 05 43 15.0 11 03 17.7 06 22 02 56 27.6 04 47 45.7 13 46 16 13 01.0 13 39 45.2 04 36 14.7 11 32 42.2 28.4 14 09 16 29 36.3 16 46 57.8 18 41 57.8 20 11 26.2 28.1 20 43 03 28 35.5 03 37 54.4 17 30 44.6 38.0 17 41

07 54 39.0 09 28 01.4 12 33 19.1 07 17 33.9 13.9 08 58 09 38 07.5 40.7 09 39 6.2 6.7 33N 5.1

4.3 33N

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4.7 33N

4.4 4.6 5.7 6.0 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.*2 .'!! 33N 33N

4.3 33N 4.5 4.2 5.0

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09.7 02 39 22.9 08 32 41.5 11 15 51.8 01 10 16.5 10 29 40.34 N. 40.30 N. 40.84 N. 40.41 N. 124.60 W. 124.80 W. 125.50 W. 127.76 W.

155.12 W. 155.26 W. 155.28 W. 155.60 W. 155.25 W. 155.13 W. 155.29 W. 155.25 W. 155.12 W. 155.19 W. 155.25 W. 155.25 W. 160.26 W. 155.25 W. 155.20 W. 155.11 W. 155.10 W. 155.08 W. 155.61 W. 155.71 W. 155.07 W. 155.08 W. 155.47 W. 154.50 W. 155.25 W. 155.23 W. 155.24 W. 155.25 W. 155.25 W. 155.24 W. 155.25 W. 155.26 W. 155.08 W. 155.25 W. 155.45 W. 155.80 W. 155.42 W. 155.27 W. 155.44 W. 155.80 W. 155.05 W. 155.08 W. 155.46 W. 155.02 W. 155.20 W.

155.08 W. 155.41 W. 156.10 W. 155.29 W. 155.50 W. 33 4.9 15 4.9

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MAR. 9 08 48 17.1 40.96 N. 83.50 W. 0 ... ... ... V X MAR. 9 02 A.M. CST

OREGON OFF THE COAST FEB. 10 04 48 20.7 45.88 N. 129.18 W. 15 4.8 ... ... ... G FEB. 9 08 P.M. PST

JAN. 18 18 29 13.5 33.07 N. 80.20 W. 5 ... ... 3.0V VI G JAN. 18 01 P.M. EST MAR. 30 08 27 46.9 32.88 N. 80.20 W. 10 ... ... 1.5G V G MAR. 30 03 A.M. CST

FEB. 9 00 42 16.4 39.31 N. 111.15 W. 7 ... ... 3.4U VI U FEB. 8 05 P.M. MST

VIRGINIA FEB. 27 20 05 34.6 37.90 N. 78.63 W. 5 ... ... 2.4V V G FEB. 27 03 P.M. EST

MAR. 3 17 50 28.0 41.24 N. 107.15 W. 5 4.2 ... 3.5G V G MAR. 3 10 A.M. MST MAR. 4 14 39 23.5 44.84 N. 110.92 W. 5 ... ... 3.8D III G MAR. 4 07 A.M. MST OHIO

UTAH California Continued California Continued

8 January (B) Central California Origin time: 09 38 07.5 Epicenter: 37.90 N., 122.18 W. Depth: 9 km Magnitude: 4.8 mb(G), 4.3 ML

Fifty-eight shocks were reported in the 3 days following this earthquake. Epicenters are all located near the Briones Dam (press reports). This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 7,000 sq km (fig. 7).

Intensity VI: Berkeley (windows broken on university campus, displacement in previously cracked walls increased 1 cm); Crockett (cracked plaster); El Cerrito (one brick dislodged from chimney, retaining wall cracked); El Granada (cracked plaster); Napa (cracked plaster); Oakland (new cracks); Olema; San Francisco (ceilings cracked, one chandelier knocked down, burglar alarms set off in financial district press report); Walnut Creek (dry wall cracked). Intensity V; Alameda, Alamo, Brisbane, Burlingame, Clayton, Concord, Daly City, Danville, Davenport, Dillon Beach, Forestville, Fremont, Hayward, Kensington, Lafayette (press report), La Honda, Loma Mar, Madera, Martinez, Marshall, Mill Valley, Monte Rio, Moraga, Moss Beach, Nicasio, North Berkeley, Novato, Occidental, Orinda Downs (press report), Pinole, Pleasant Hill, Port Costa, Rodeo, San Bruno, San Jose, San Lorenzo, San Mateo, San Pablo, Santa Cruz, South San Francisco, Sunol, Vallejo. Intensity IV; Fairfax, Freestone, Half Moon Bay, Larkspur, Orinda, Oroville (telephone service interrupted press report), Pacifica, Palo Alto, Petaluma, Point Reyes Station, Santa Rosa, Stinson Beach, Union City, Villa Grande. Intensity III; El Verano, Millbrae, Newark, Saint Helena, San Anselmo.

8 January (B) Central California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Berkeley.

8 January (B) Central California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Berkeley. 09 39 40.7 37.90 N., 122.20 W. 9 km 3.8 ML

09 51 55.6 37.91 N., 122.19 W. 8 km 3.0 ML

A17 9 January (B) Central California

9 January (B) Northern California

10 January (B) Central California

13 January (B) Northern California

17 January (P) Southern California

17 January (P) Baja California, Mexico

18 January (B) Central California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V; Intensity IV; Gold Run, Gridley, Marysville, Oroville (police reported that several burglar alarms went off and telephone service was disrupted for a short time press report), Palermo, Rackerby. Intensity III; Brownsville.

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Berkeley.

Origin time: 20 09 53.5 Epicenter: 41.02 N., 122.15 W. Depth: Magnitude: 3.7 ML Intensity III; Dunsmuir-McCloud area (telephone report), vicinity of Mt. Shasta (press report).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Saugus to Northridge (telephone report).

Origin time: 11 13 19.4 Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V:

Arizona Gadsden, San Luis, Wellton, Yuma.

California Calexico, Seeley, Winterhaven. Intensity IV;

Arizona Martinez Lake.

California Bard, Heber, Imperial, Plaster City.

Origin time: 21 05 46.6 Epicenter: 36.92 N., 121.49 W. 05 34 16.7 37.89 N., 122.19 W. 9 km 3.2 ML Berkeley.

23 24 39.5 39.50 N., 121.64 W. 2 km 3.3 ML Dobbins.

05 08 07.9 37.91 N., 122.30 W. 3 km 2.9 ML

00 39 15.4 34.37 N., 118.67 W. 14 km 3.4 ML

32.47 N., 115.18 W. 25 km 4.6 mb(G), 4.2 ML

38C

FIGURE 7. Isoselsmal map for the central California earthquake of 8 January 1977, 09 38 07.5

7 Felt at intensity 7

o Not felt

0 50 km

UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalll Intensities between Isoselsmals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

23 January (B) Central California

A18 Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V; Intensity IV; Gilroy, San Juan Bautlsta.

Origin time: 17 45 50.3 Epicenter: 37.86 N., 122.25 W.

CALIFORNIA

4 km 4.0 ML Holllster. California Continued California Continued

Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

Oakland. Intensity III Intensity VI;

Cal if orn ia Br idg epor t. Intensity V;

California Bear Valley, Big Oak Flat, Big Trees Village, Coleville, El Portal, Emigrant Gap, Grizzly Flats, Long Barn, Mariposa, Murphys, Pioneer, Sonora, Soulsbyville, Topaz. Nevada Carson City, Cave Rock, Minden, Schurz, Wellington.

39C

o CALIFORNIA °°

38 C

7 March (P) Southern California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Palmdale. 7 March (P) Central California Origin time: 21 52 24.0 Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V;

Intensity III; Ridgecrest.

7 March (P) Central California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; China Lake, Ridgecrest.

12 March (B) Central California Origin time: 09 19 06.7 Epicenter: 36.89 N., 121.49 W. Depth: 2 km Magnitude: 3.7 ML Intensity III; Hollister area (telephone

19 March (P) Central California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Ridgecrest. 25 March (P) Southern California Origin time: 11 23 55.7 Epicenter: 33.97 N., 116.60 W, Depth: 11 km Magnitude: 2.8 ML Intensity III; Palm Springs.

25 March (P) Southern California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Brawley.

31 March (P) Southern California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; California Continued

___ China Lake Weather Station (all frightened, objects rattled, doors and windows shaken).

report). 11 04 35.2 34.47 N., 117.97 W. 8 km 3.0 ML

35.73 N. 117.70 W. 12 km 3.0 ML

23 21 30.7 35.73 N., 117.70 W. 12 km 3.2 ML

10 37 49.7 35.70 N., 117.72 W. 2 km 3.0 ML

15 43 58.8 32.97 N., 115.50 W. 13 km 3.4 ML

13 30 29.0 33.40 N., 116.97 W, 3 km 3.3 ML Escondido.

A21 3 March (G) Southern Wyoming

5 March (G) Northwestern New Mexico Origin time: 03 00 54.7

10 February Northern Delaware

The locations shown below followed by (H)

designate intensity values assigned by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Origin time: 17 50 28.0 See Wyoming listing.

See New Mexico listing.

Origin time: 19 14 25 Epicenter: Not located. Depth: None computed. Magnitude: 2.0 mbLg(Z)

The following information has been obtained from a canvass conducted by the Delaware Geological Survey and the University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711. The questionnaires were re-evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey; only a few of 70 replies are listed below. All of the reports are from the Wilmington metropolitan area.

Intensity VI; Lancaster Village (cracked plaster), Stratford (cracked plaster). Intensity V; Cedar and Rodney St.

(frightened all, ran outside), North Broom St. (patients and staff of nursing home all frightened press report). Intensity IV; Bellevue Manor Brandywine Blvd., Delaware and North Scott St., Eighth and Rodney St., Elsmere, Maple St., Market and Tatnal St., Milltown, Seventh and Union St., Sherwood Park, Wilmington Bureau Police Office Tenth and French St. (75 calls received), Woodcrest. Intensity III; Dupont, Fire Department dispatchers' office, City Hall, Fourth and Clayton St., Jackson and Third St. (public school building), Morehouse Dr. and Dunleith, Motor Vehicle Department South Heald St., Van Buren and Monroe, Vilone Village Richard Ave. Intensity II; Baynard Blvd., Beech and Rodney St., Broom and Cedar St.

A22

Intensity III: HiLo (H). 10 February (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: 07 14 47.0 21 March (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: 14 59 24.7 Epicenter: 19.37N., 155.07 W. Depth: 8 km Magnitude: 3.4 ML Intensity III; Hilo (H), Keaau (H), Mountain View (H), Pepeekeo (H).

25 March (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: 05 37 00.3 Epicenter: 19.35N., 155.14 W. Depth: 8 km A24 stripped off by bison rubbing their horns or heads, and all of the rope fence behind the Visitor Center was taken out as the herd moved through. The herd settled down by afternoon, when the number of tremors had diminished significantly, and moved into the fringe of the wooded area south of Myriad Group (R. A. Hutchinson, Park Geologist, Yellowstone National Park, written commun., 1977).

Intensity IV; Montana Gardiner, West Yellowstone. Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone National

Intensity III;

Wyoming Mammoth.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 11 33 06.9 Epicenter: 44.84 N., 111.13 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.7 mb, 3.6 ML, 4.3 ML(D) Intensity IV;

Montana West Yellowstone.

Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone National

Intensity III;

Wyoming Mammoth.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 13 00 58.9 Epicenter: 44.80 N., 111.08 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 4.1 mb, 4.1 ML, 4.3 ML(D) Intensity IV;

Montana Gardiner, West Yellowstone.

Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone National

Intensity III;

Wyoming Madison Junction, Mammoth, Nez

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 13 04 21.4 Epicenter: 44.82 N., 111.10 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 4.0 mb, 3.7 ML, 4.0 ML(D) Intensity IV;

Montana West Yellowstone.

Intensity III;

Wyoming Nez Perce patrol cabin,

4 March Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 13 12 Epicenter: Not located. Depth: None computed. Magnitude: None computed. Intensity III; West Yellowstone. Montana Continued Montana Continued

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region

Park.

Park.

Park.

Perce patrol cabin, Yellowstone National Park.

Yellowstone National Park.

A25 4 March Hebgen Lake region

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 14 19 48.8 Epicenter: 44.78 N., 111.05 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 4.0 mb, 4.0 ML, 4.3 ML(D) Intensity IV;

Montana Gardiner, West Yellowstone.

Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park. Intensity III;

Wyoming Madison Junction, Mammoth, Nez Perce patrol cabin, Yellowstone National Park.

Origin time: 14 26 Epicenter: Not located. Depth: None computed. Magnitude: None computed. Intensity III; Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park.

Origin time: 14 58 05.5 Epicenter: 44.75 N., 111.35 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.7 ML(D) Intensity III;

Montana West Yellowstone.

Wyoming Mammoth.

Origin time: 16 12 28.2 Epicenter: 44.79 N., 111.05 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.4 ML, 3.7 ML(D) Intensity III;

Montana West Yellowstone.

Wyoming Mammoth, Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park.

Origin time: 16 47 43.5 Epicenter: 44.77 N., 111.12 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.7 ML, 4.0 ML(D) Intensity III;

Montana West Yellowstone.

Wyoming Madison Junction.

Origin time: 16 51 48.3 Epicenter: 44.77 N., 111.21 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 4.0 ML(D) Intensity IV;

Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park. Intensity III;

Montana West Yellowstone.

Wyoming Madison Junction, Nez Perce patrol cabin, Yellowstone National Park.

Intensity III; West Yellowstone.

5 March Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 00 32 Epicenter: Not located. Depth: None computed. Magnitude: 3.3 ML(D) Intensity III; West Yellowstone.

6 March (G) Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 05 01 04.0 Epicenter: 44.74 N., 111.13 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.9 ML(A) Intensity V; West Yellowstone (awakened all residents, buildings creaked and objects rattled). 6 March (G) Hebgen Lake region Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V;

residents, rattled). 11 March (G) Southwestern Montana Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity VI;

Intensity V;

Intensity IV;

Intensity III;

Intensity II; buildings creaked and objects

Montana Harrison (cracked plaster)

Montana Boulder, Hudson, Maudlow, Radersburg, Three Forks, Trident, Creek.

Montana Broadview, Jefferson City, Manhattan. Wyoming Yellowstone National Park.

Montana Toston (telephone report) .

Montana Melstone, Missoula, Molt. 11 March (G) Hebgen Lake region

24 March (G) Southwestern Montana

17 17 Not located. None computed. 3.4 ML(D)

3 January (G) Central Nevada

06 10 12.7 44.71 N., 111.21 W. 5 km 3.0 ML(A) West Yellowstone (awakened all

4 January (G) Southern New Mexico 05 09 37.2 46.13 N., 111.48 W. 5 km 4.6 mb, 4.8 ML Origin time: 12 17 51.9 Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

Origin time: 13 20 11.9 Epicenter: 45.71 N., 111.31 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.2 ML(A) Intensity IV; Bozeman (objects on shelves

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V; Intensity IV Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park (a few employees and guests awakened).

rattled, roaring sounds heard, one sleeper awakened).

18 31 37.6 32.36 N., 106.92 W. 5 km 3.2 ML Dona Ana. Las Cruces, Organ, Radium Intensity VI;

Intensity V;

Arizona Chinle, Houck.

Colorado Cortez, Durango.

New Mexico Blanco, Chaco Canyon, Gallup,

ARIZONA

FIGURE 9. Isoseismal map for the northwestern New Mexico earthquake of 5 March 1977, 03 00 54.7 New Mexico Continued New Mexico Continued

1977). It was felt over an area of approximately 51,400 sq km of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico (fig. 9).

New Mexico Crownpoint (fences displaced slightly), Prewitt (existing cracks widened considerably).

Lake Valley Navajo School (40 km north of Crownpoint), Mexican Springs, San Rafael,

COLORADO

UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals;

Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

A27

Ship Rock, Navajo Dam, Toadlena, Zuni. Intensity IV;

Arizona Fort Defiance, Leupp, Lupton.

Colorado Mesa Verde National Park, Pagosa Springs, Towaoc. Los Ojos, Ramah, Thoreau, Tohatchi. Intensity III;

New Mexico Waterflow. Intensity II;

Arizona Sanders.

New Mexico Seboyeta.

New Mexico Aztec, Bloomfield, Bluewater, Church Rock, Farmington, Jemez Springs,

urango / 4

Albuquerque

9 March (X) Northwestern Ohio Origin time: 08 48 17.1 Epicenter: 40.96N., 83.50 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: None computed.

Explosives totaling 22.6 metric tons were detonated near Caro, 88 km south of Toledo. The data were provided by F. Mauk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Intensity V;

Michigan Southfield (all awakened and

Intensity IV;

Michigan Farmington Hills, Oak Park, frightened).

Selfridge Air Force Base (windows and doors rattled over wide area).

27 February (G) Central Virginia

A28 South Carolina Continued

Origin time: 20 05 34.6 Epicenter: 37.90 N., 78.63 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.4 mbLg(V)

The intensities listed below are values assigned by the U.S. Geological Survey using the results of a newspaper canvass conducted by Dr. James L. Calver, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlottesville. They do not represent the total canvass, only those that could be located geographically. Intensity V;

Charlottesville 2526 Jefferson Park Ave.

(hanging objects swung slightly; windows, doors, dishes rattled; and building creaked); 439 Mosley Dr. (knocked bulletin board from wall, jammed storm door so it would not open, pictures displaced); 126 Observatory Ave. (chinaware broken due to 13.4-cm fall from shelf to rangetop), Beau Pre Farm, Garth Rd. (windows and doors rattled, hanging objects swung slightly, and several were awakened). Covesville Window shaken out, house trembled. Estmont All were frightened, house swayed, and windows rattled. North Garden on State Route 692 Ham rolled off shelf in freezer, several houses were reported shaken violently, pictures fell from walls. Schuyler on State Route 6, 6.4 km east of U.S. Highway 29 Heavy table and small objects moved, many reports of houses trembling, pictures fell from walls. Intensity IV; Alberne, Afton, Amhurst, Charlottesville (Albemarle Airport, 901 Altavista Ave., 1219 Augusta St., 1208 Bland Circle, 1609 Center Ave., Glenaire subdivision, 2031 Hesson Rd., 1281 Kenwood Lane, 107 Linda Court, 2740 McElroy Dr., 118 Monte Vista Ave., Montvue subdivision, 1103 Pau St., Sherwood Manor subdivision, Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, 700 Wilden Dr., 1001 5th St., 313 6th St.), Crozet, Farming ton, Frys Springs, Ivy Depot, North Garden, Rio Rd. (1.9 km north of Charlottesville), Schuyler, Scottsville, Shipman, South Garden, Yancy Mills near Crozet, State Route 708 (4 km northwest of U.S. Highway 29), State Route 20 (6 km south of Interstate 64), State Route 631 (11.2 km south of Old Lynchburg Rd.), near the intersection of State Routes 637 and 708, end of State Route 698 (35.4 km south of Covesville), near the intersection of State Routes 683 and 250. Intensity III; Charlottesville (113 Alderman Rd., 117 Altamont Circle, 1610 Amhurst St., 105 Apple Tree Rd., Ill Appleton Dr., 126 Azalea Dr., 201 Azalea Dr., 1930 Barracks Rd., 2627 Barracks Rd., 1207 Belleview Ave., 514 Brandon Ave., Buford Elementary School, Cabell Hall, University of Virginia, 337 Carrsbrook Dr., Clark Hall, University of Virginia, 263 Colonade Dr., 1609 Concord Dr., 2306 Crestmont Ave., 2320 Crestmont Ave., 308 Farm Lane, 1844 Fendall Ave., 411 North First St., 2312 Fontaine Ave., 1414 Forest Ridge Rd., 1025 Forest Hills Ave., 1413 Foxbrook Lane, Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, sixth floor of the Holiday Inn at 5th St. and Interstate 64, 1603 Inglewood Dr., Jefferson Park PI. and Woodrow St., 2028 Minor Rd., 413 Mobile Lane, Page Dormitory, University of Virginia, 2005 Pine Top Rd., 2315 Price Ave., 1814 Rugby PI., Ill Scarborough PI., 2520 Smithfield Rd., 2050 Spottswood Rd., 1940 Thompson Rd., 1625 Trailbridge Rd., 2211 Wayne Ave., 1430 Westwood Dr., 1864 Winston Rd., 800 Second St., NE.), State Route

A29 Intensity II; Bumpass, Charlottesville (1661

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana 635 about 4.3 km southwest of Batesville, Estmont, 17.7 km south of Charlottesville city limits on U.S. Highway 29, Old Ballard Rd. (1.6 km northwest of State Routes 250W and 677), 8 km north of Schuyler at State Routes 6 and 630, 9.7 km east of Scottsville at the end of State Route 611, near the intersection of State Route 708 and U.S. Highway 29, 4.9 km east of Scottsville on State Route 637, Hatton Ferry (4.9 km west of Scottsville).

Brandywine Dr., 1613 Cedar Hill Rd., 105 Chaucer Rd., 3310 Clark Lane, 701 Elizabeth Ave., 2002 Jefferson Park, 2728 Jefferson Park, 35 Old Farm Rd., 113 Porters Ave., 612A Preston PI., 746 Prospect Ave., 2412 Smithfield Rd., Southwood subdivision, 10 University Circle, 720 Village Rd., University Airport, 1856 Winston Rd., Woodbrook subdivision, 109 Woodrow St., 113 Woodstock Dr., 307 15th St., NW.).

Intensity V;

Colorado Slater (plant fell from window sill). Intensity IV;

Wyoming Encampment, Riverside, Savery (dishes and doors rattled at several ranch homes press report).

Origin time: 10 05 59.6

See Montana listing.

Origin time: 11 01 50.2

See Montana listing.

Origin time: 11 33 06.9

See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 13 00 58.9 See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 13 04 21.4

See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 14 19 48.8 See Montana listing. 4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 14 26 See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Origin time: 14 39 23.5 Epicenter: 44.84 N., 110.92 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.8 ML(D) Intensity III;

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 14 58 05.5

See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 16 12 28.2

See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 16 47 43.5

See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 16 51 48.3

See Montana listing.

4 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 17 10 40.6

See Montana listing.

11 March (G) Southwestern Montana Origin time: 05 09 37.2

See Montana listing.

11 March (G) Hebgen Lake region, Montana Origin time: 12 17 51.9 See Montana listing. Wyoming Continued

Montana West Yellowstone. Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park.

A30 furnished data to the National Earthquake Information Service for use in this Circular:

ALASKA: Staff of NOAA, Alaska Tsunami

CALIFORNIA: Clarence R. Alien, Seismological

DELAWARE: Robert R. Jordan, Delaware

HAWAII: Robert Y. Koyanagi, U.S.

MICHIGAN: Frederick J. Mauk, University of

MISSOURI: Otto Nuttli, Department of Geology

MONTANA: Anthony Qamar, University of

NEW YORK: Lynn R. Sykes and Yash P.

SOUTH CAROLINA: Joyce Bagwell, Baptist College of

UTAH: Department of Geological and

VIRGINIA: G. A. Bollinger, Department of

WASHINGTON: Robert S. Crosson, Geophysics

WYOMING: R. A. Hutchinson, National Park

Acknowledgment is also given to B. B. Poppe for aid in editing the manuscript and drafting the isoseismal maps, and to Paula Smith for doing the computerized manuscript.

Bath, Markus, 1966, Earthquake energy and

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Listed below are the collaborators who

REFERENCES CITED

magnitude, in Physics and chemistry of the Earth, Volume 7: Oxford and New York, Pergamon Press, p. 115-165. Warning Center, Palmer.

J. B. Townshend, College Observatory, College.

Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.

Bruce A. Bolt, Seismograph Station, University of California, Berkeley.

Gary S. Fuis, U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena.

Geological Survey, Newark.

Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawaii National Park.

Michigan, Ann Arbor.

and Geophysics, St. Louis University, St. Louis.

Montana, Missoula.

Aggarwal, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades.

Charleston, Charleston.

Geophysical Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.

James L. Calver, Division of Mineral Resources, State of Virginia, Charlottesville.

Program, University of Washington, Seattle.

Service, Yellowstone National Park.

Fuis, G. S., Johnson, C. E., and Jenkins, D. J., 1978, Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in southern California, October 1976-September 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-672, 84 p.

Gutenberg, B. and Richter, C. F., 1956, Magnitude and energy of earthquakes: Annali di Geofisica, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-15.

Nuttli, 0. W., 1973, Seismic wave attenuation and magnitude relations for eastern North America: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 78, no. 5, p. 876-885.

Richter, C. F., 1958, Elementary seismology: San Francisco, Calif., W. H. Freeman and Co., Inc., 768 p.

Simon, R. B., Stover, C. W., Person, W. J., and Minsch, J. H., Earthquakes in the United States, January-March 1976, Geological Survey

Wood, H. 0., and Neumann, F., 1931, Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 21, no. 4, p. 277-283.

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