Employment in Data Centers Increased by More Than 60% From 2016 to 2023 But Growth Was Uneven Across the United States

Employment in U.S. data centers — facilities that house the computer systems that store and manage data — increased more than 60% nationally from 2016 to 2023 but growth was uneven across the country, according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI).

The number of people working in data centers grew from 306,000 to 501,000 between 2016 and 2023, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. But the QWI shows where the growth is concentrated and provides a profile of data center workers.

There was also a large and persistent gender gap in data center employment, which widened in some states as more data center establishments opened and employment grew rapidly in the last few years.

The map below shows the concentration of data center employment by state across the United States. Not surprisingly, the two most populous states have the nation’s highest share of data center employment: 17% in California and 10% in Texas.

Over 40% of U.S. data center employment are in five states: California, Texas, Florida, New York and Georgia.

Employment was uneven within states, too.

In California, for example, three counties (San Francisco, Los Angeles and Santa Clara) accounted for 60% of the state’s data center employment. In Texas, nearly 75% was in four counties (Travis, Bexar, Collin and Dallas).

We also compared states’ share of data center employment with their overall employment growth between 2016 and 2023.

Our findings: The percentage of data center employment doubled in Arkansas and Alabama and grew significantly in the District of Columbia and other states, including Maine, Connecticut and Georgia.

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