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Most cancers take years to develop, and many things affect the chance of getting one. Those things are called risk factors. Some, such as age, cannot be changed, but many can. Two of the most important steps are making healthy choices and getting the screening tests that are right for you. CDC's video series Under the Paper Gown follows comedian Amber Ruffin as she prepares questions for a gynecologist appointment.
Under the Paper Gown, episode 4: Amber Ruffin gets ready for her gynecologist appointment by making a list of questions to ask the doctor. CDC.
Healthy choices
- Don't smoke, and avoid others' smoke. Quitting is one of the best ways to lower cancer risk; smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in the body.
- Limit ultraviolet (UV) exposure. UV rays from the sun or from tanning beds, booths and sunlamps can cause skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States.
- Limit alcohol. Drinking raises the risk of six kinds of cancer, including breast and colorectal cancer.
- Keep a healthy weight. About 40% of all cancers are associated with overweight and obesity.
CDC has more on healthy choices.
Screening tests
Screening can find breast, cervical and colorectal cancers early, when treatment works best, and lung cancer screening is recommended for some people at high risk.
| Cancer | Who should be screened |
|---|---|
| Breast | Women aged 40 to 74 at average risk: a mammogram every 2 years, as recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Mammograms are the best test for finding breast cancer early. |
| Cervical | Regular screening starting at age 21. |
| Colorectal | Regular screening from soon after age 45 until 75. |
| Lung | Yearly low-dose CT for people 50 to 80 with a history of heavy smoking who smoke now or quit within the past 15 years, per the Task Force. |
Cervical cancer tests. The Pap test (Pap smear) looks for cell changes on the cervix that could become cancer if left untreated; the HPV test looks for the human papillomavirus that can cause those changes. In one CDC video, a woman named Jasmine explains how routine screening found precancerous cells and changed her life.
Colorectal cancer tests. Several tests are available, some done at home and some in a doctor's office. Ask your doctor which is right for you.
Dense breasts. A mammogram report may say you have dense breasts; CDC has a video explaining what that means and why it matters.
More on screening for breast, cervical, colorectal and lung cancer is on CDC's site.
Sources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: "Cancer and Women" (November 14, 2024). The page's stock photograph is not reproduced.
- The film is the agency's own low-resolution copy, recovered from the Internet Archive's record of cdc.gov.
Licença: CC0 1.0 (domínio público) · Adaptado de www.cdc.gov
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