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In the 1800s, Baltimore was the second-largest immigration hub on the East Coast. In 2018, the Baltimore National Heritage Area and the National Park Service's Northeast Region recorded podcast episodes on that history, with a panel at the Baltimore Immigration Museum.
Immigrants arriving at Locust Point, Pier 8, and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad connection, 1904. Baltimore Immigration Museum.
The museum
The Heritage Area supports local nonprofits such as the Baltimore Immigration Museum, housed in the historic German Immigrant House on Beason Street, which gave temporary lodging to about 3,000 immigrants landing at Locust Point before 1904. Its exhibits cover national trends and Baltimore's own stories.
The communities
| Group | What the podcast covered |
|---|---|
| Germans | the largest group of the 1800s, here since the 18th century — Zion Lutheran Church dates from 1755. Many were craftsmen, carpenters and masons. Ottmar Mergenthaler invented the Linotype, which set whole lines of type and transformed printing |
| Irish | came for canal and railroad work, many after the Potato Famine of the 1840s. The city's name is said to be an anglicized Irish name meaning "the town of the big house." John Crawford helped introduce smallpox vaccination to the United States and found the Maryland medical school |
| Black Baltimoreans | changing work and Maryland's easier manumission laws of the late 18th century meant free Black people outnumbered enslaved people in Baltimore well before abolition, unusual in North or South. They built schools and churches; Frederick Douglass lived and worked here |
| Jews | three waves: Germans in the mid-1800s, many becoming garment factory owners; Eastern Europeans from the 1880s to the 1920s, many working in those factories; and refugees from Nazi Germany in the 1930s, among them Gustav Brunn, creator of Old Bay seasoning |
| Italians | from southern Italy, from the mid-1800s; Little Italy grew near today's Inner Harbor |
Speakers included museum historian Nick Fessenden, Conor Donnan of the Irish Railroad Workers Museum, Professor Brewer of Morgan State University, historian Deborah Weiner and author Rafael Alvarez.
Exhibits at the Baltimore Immigration Museum. NPS photo by F. Calarco.
Common threads
Every group came for opportunity, and most met hostility. Germans and Italians anglicized their names to avoid discrimination; employers pitted Irish and Black workers against each other to block solidarity; and the anti-immigrant Know Nothing Party rose in the mid-1800s. They persevered — and made Baltimore the city it is.
The episodes are in Season 2 (2018) of the NPS National Heritage Areas podcast.
Sources
Based on "Baltimore Immigration History Featured on Podcast Series," National Park Service Northeast Region, November 1, 2018; a work of the United States government in the public domain. The 1904 photograph is in the public domain by age. A photo pair of the German Immigrant House supplied by the Baltimore Immigration Museum is not reproduced.
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам www.nps.gov
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