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If you're pregnant or planning a pregnancy, get tested for HIV as soon as possible. If you have HIV, starting treatment right away protects both your health and your baby's.
Can HIV pass to a baby?
Yes. If you're pregnant and have HIV, the virus can reach your baby in three ways:
- during pregnancy;
- during childbirth, especially vaginal birth;
- through breastfeeding.
But having HIV doesn't mean you can't have children. A combination of HIV medicines can prevent passing HIV to your baby and protect your own health.
How to prevent it
| Step | What it involves |
|---|---|
| Take HIV medicines | They lower the amount of virus in your body (your viral load), ideally until a standard test can't detect it — an undetectable viral load. That is the best thing you can do to stay healthy and protect your baby. Most HIV medicines are safe in pregnancy and don't usually raise the risk of birth defects; decide with your provider which are right for you, and take them regularly |
| Consider a cesarean delivery if needed | If medicines haven't lowered your viral load enough, a C-section can help prevent passing HIV to your baby |
| Give your baby HIV medicines | Starting as soon as possible after birth, for 4 to 6 weeks, to protect against any virus passed on during birth. Which medicine depends on factors including your viral load just before delivery. Your baby will have several HIV tests over the first few months |
| Don't breastfeed | Breast milk can carry HIV. Because infant formula is safe and readily available in the United States, CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that people with HIV feed their babies formula |
If your partner has HIV
If you're trying to get pregnant, your partner should be tested for HIV too. If your partner has HIV and you don't, ask your provider about PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) — medicines that prevent HIV, helping protect both you and your baby.
Sources
Based on the MedlinePlus health topic "HIV and Pregnancy," National Library of Medicine; a work of the United States government in the public domain.
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам medlineplus.gov
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