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To help understand data about children – such as child health and mortality – statistical organizations classify the ages of babies and children in a more standardized way.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), for example, use the same definitions for various stages of infanthood, childhood, and adolescence.
I have shown these definitions in the visualization below.
Many countries also use the same definitions for their national statistics, but this is not always the case.
In the sections below, I’ve included summaries of how different stages are defined.
Infants
As you can see in the visualization, ‘infants’ are defined as those under one year of age.
Within this age period, there are several categories:
| Age period | Definition |
|---|---|
| Early neonatal | Under 7 days |
| Late neonatal | 7–27 days |
| Neonatal | Under 28 days |
| Post-neonatal | 28 days to 1 year of age |
These definitions are used consistently by the WHO, UN IGME, and IHME.[1]
Children and adolescents
In contrast, the term ‘children’ is often used inconsistently and describes children of different age ranges.
To avoid confusion, statistical organizations tend to use the term ‘under-5’s’ to describe children under 5 years of age.[2]
The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) additionally define adolescents as those aged 10 to 19.[3] But definitions for adolescents differ widely and sometimes include people up to much older ages.
Miscarriages and stillbirths
Age periods for fetuses – which are referred to in statistics on miscarriages and stillbirths – are often defined inconsistently between countries and statistical organizations.
For example, the WHO defines miscarriage as the spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 28 weeks of completed gestation.[4]
In contrast, the Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation (IHME) defines miscarriage as the “spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks of gestation with complications requiring medical care.”[5]
Definitions of stillbirths also vary.
For example, the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) defines stillbirths as babies born with no signs of life at 22 or more completed weeks of gestation. They also have two sub-categories of stillbirths: ‘early gestation stillbirth’ (at 22 to 27 completed weeks of gestation) and ‘late gestation stillbirth’ (at 28 or more completed weeks of gestation).
In contrast, the WHO and UN IGME define stillbirths as those at 28 or more completed weeks of gestation, which corresponds to what the ICD-11 calls late gestation stillbirths.[6]
Due to differences in definitions, miscarriages and stillbirths are not shown in the chart.
Endnotes
1] United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. (2022). Levels and trends in child mortality: Report 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230110001957/https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/UN-IGME-Child-Mortality-Report-2022_Final-online-version_9Jan.pdf World Health Organization. (2022). Neonatal mortality rate (0 to 27 days) per 1000 live births) (SDG 3.2.2) dataset]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220212084442/https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/67
[2] When ‘children’ is not further defined, it is often the case that the term refers to the same age group: of children under 5 years of age. However, this should be verified in each case to make sure that the data is being interpreted correctly.
6] United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. (2022). Never Forgotten: The situation of stillbirth around the globe. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231010181050/https://childmortality.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/UN-IGME-Stillbirth-Report-2022.pdf United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. (2023). Stillbirth Definition and Data Quality Assessment for Health Management Information Systems (HMIS). https://web.archive.org/web/20230220150629/https://childmortality.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Stillbirth-definition-and-data-quality-assessment_20221006.pdf
Where this page came from
This page was imported from Our World in Data. “How do statistical organizations define age periods for children?” by Saloni Dattani (October 9, 2023), published by Our World in Data under CC BY 4.0. Changed here: set as a page, its interactive charts shown as pictures. Data from third parties keeps its own licence.
Nobody has written it yet — it is the source material at a new address, which is why search engines are asked to skip it and why no one earns from it. It is up for grabs: take it on, and it is yours to rewrite and to earn from.
Лицензия: CC BY 4.0 · По материалам ourworldindata.org
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