Есть что улучшить? Предложите правку.
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) — the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States — can cause several kinds of it.
More than 40 HPV types can infect the genital areas of men and women — the skin of the penis, vulva and anus, and the linings of the vagina, cervix and rectum — as well as the lining of the mouth and throat.
Two kinds of HPV
| Non-oncogenic (wart-causing) | can cause genital warts — these are not the types that cause cancer |
| Oncogenic (cancer-causing) | the International Agency for Research on Cancer found 13 types that can cause cervical cancer; at least one of them can also cause cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus and the oropharynx — the back of the throat, base of the tongue and tonsils |
How much cancer HPV causes
| Cancer | Share thought to be caused by HPV |
|---|---|
| Anal and cervical | more than 90% |
| Vaginal and vulvar | about 70% |
| Penile | 60% |
| Oropharyngeal (back of the throat) | about 60%–70% may be linked to HPV — often together with tobacco and alcohol, which also cause these cancers |
Most infections go away
Most people with HPV don't know they have it. Usually the immune system clears the infection on its own within 2 years — for cancer-causing and wart-causing types alike. By age 50, at least 4 out of 5 women will have had HPV at some point. It's very common in men too, often with no symptoms.
How an infection becomes cancer
When the immune system can't clear a cancer-causing type, the infection can linger and turn normal cells abnormal, and then cancerous.
- About 10% of women with HPV on the cervix develop long-lasting infections that put them at risk of cervical cancer.
- In the vulva, vagina, penis or anus, a lingering high-risk infection can cause cell changes called precancers, which may become cancer if they aren't found and removed in time. These cancers are much less common than cervical cancer, and far less is known about how many people with HPV develop them.
Sources
Based on "Basic Information about HPV and Cancer" (September 17, 2024), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain.
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам www.cdc.gov
1
0
0
0
Комментарии
