Laboratory Resources for HAIs

At a glance

Resources for laboratorians to detect and test for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance.

Submit HAI Isolates and Specimens

Find instructions and resources for submitting specimens and isolates to CDC.

Specimen submission list

Candida auris

Identification of C. auris

Resources for healthcare and laboratory personnel to aid in the identification of C. auris.

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff)

Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for CDI

There are four laboratory tests used to diagnose Clostridioides difficile infection or CDI.   ...

Gram negative and positive bacteria

Modified Pulse-Net Procedure for Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis of Select Gram Negaative Bacilli

PulsedNet Procedure

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Multiplex Real-Time PCR Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC) and New Delhi metallo- -β-lactamase (NDM-1)

PCR Detection

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Unified Pulsed­Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Protocol for Gram Positive Bacteria

Unified Pulsed­Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Protocol for Gram Positive Bacteria

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Duodenoscope sampling

Updated duodenoscope reprocessing instructions & resources

Staphylococci

Laboratory Testing for Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Vancomycin resistance in staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is exceptionally rare.

Oxacillin¬resistant Staphylococcus aureus on PulseNet (OPN): Laboratory Protocol for Molecular Typing of S. aureus by Pulsed¬field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)

Laboratory Protocol

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Clinician Brief: Clinical Laboratories' and Infection Preventionists' Roles in the Search for and Containment of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Clinical laboratories serve an important role in the diagnosis of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcu...

Laboratory Testing for Methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Information about laboratory testing for MRSA.

Investigation and Control of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA): 2015 Update

Investigation and Control of Vancomycin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA): 2015 Update

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Other testing resources

Reference Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Data

Access downloadable distributions of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for bacteria and fungi.

Laboratory Safety Publications

• CDC. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories (BMBL).
• CDC. Interim laboratory biosafety guidance for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) mycobacterium tuberculosis strains
• World Health Organization (WHO); 2004. Laboratory biosafety manual
• World Health Organization (WHO); 2006. Biorisk management: laboratory biosecurity guidance

Additional Resources

• Baughman W, Farley M, Toomey K, et al. Laboratory capacity to detect antimicrobial resistance, 1998. MMWR 2000;48(51);1167–71.
• CDC. Staphylococcus aureus with Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin — United States, 1997. MMWR 1997;46(33).
• Defining the public health impact of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Appendix. Laboratory-based surveillance system. MMWR 1996;45(RR-1);15–20.
• E. coli O157:H7: Procedure for Isolation and Identification from Stool Specimens. MMWR 1994

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