Pesticides in surface water in the Bighorn River and North Platte River basins, Wyoming, 2006

Introduction

In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Agriculture, sampled five surface-water sites in Wyoming—three in the Bighorn River Basin (BRB) and two in the North Platte River Basin (NPRB) (fig. 1). The purpose of the sampling was to describe the occurrence of pesticides in these basins during three different times of the year. This fact sheet presents the results of the sampling.

Approach

Three samples were collected from each site, one each in March, May, and September 2006 (table 1; fig. 2). The sampling events corresponded with pre-application of pesticides, post application of pesticides, and late growing season. The samples

were collected using standard methods described in the National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (U.S. Geological Survey, 1997 to 2004) and analyzed at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory, to determine the presence and concentration of 132 different pesticides and degradation products (table 2) (Furlong and others, 2001, and Sandstrom and others, 2001).

Figure 1. Location of sampling sites in the Bighorn and North Platte River Basins, Wyoming.

Site Descriptions

Four of the five selected sites were located at the farthest downstream site available on the river in order to integrate drainage from as much land use in the river basin as possible. The fifth site is located on the mainstem of the Bighorn River at Basin (station number 06274300). This additional site on the Bighorn River was selected because of the large drainage area of the river.

All sampling locations in the BRB were located at sites with active streamflow-gaging stations. The sampling site near Torrington (station number 06674500) in the NPRB was located at an active gaging station. The Laramie River sampling site near Wheatland (station number 06664000), is a historic gaging station,

Jackson Lake r e iv R e k a n S

Wyoming Department of Agriculture

but was not active at the time of sampling. This sampling site is the farthest downstream site on the Laramie River with an active or inactive gaging station, that is upstream from Grayrocks Reservoir.

Results

Samples collected in both the BRB and NPRB contained detectable concentrations of pesticides for all three sampling events. Eighteen different pesticides and degradation products were detected (table 1). Sixteen different pesticides were detected in water samples collected in the BRB. The most commonly detected pesticide was atrazine, a selective herbicide commonly applied to corn, grains, and sorghum (Meister, 2002), detected at low concentrations in all nine samples collected in the BRB. The pesticide with the largest concentration in the BRB was the herbicide MCPA (trade names

River North Pathfinder Reservoir Seminoe River

March 2007

Bighorn the in

sites

surface-water five

from

samples in

detected

/s, cubic feet per second; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, less than, indicates chemical was not detected, and the value following the less than is the laboratory

Table 1.

[ft reporting level; E, value is estimated; M, presence verified but not quantified; tan rows, Bighorn River Basin sites; blue rows, North Platte River Basin sites] Solve and MCP), which was detected in a May sample at a concentration of 0.15 μg/L (micrograms per liter).

Eight different pesticides were detected in water samples collected in the NPRB. The most commonly detected pesticide was atrazine, detected in four of six samples collected in the NPRB. The pesticide with the largest concentration in the NPRB was the selective herbicide simazine (trade names Aquazine and Princep), which was detected in a September sample at a concentration of 0.08 μg/L.

Figure 2. Daily mean discharge or instantaneous discharge (station 06664000 only) for sampled streams in the Bighorn and North Platte River Basins, water year 2006.

References

Furlong, E.T., Anderson, B.D., Werner, S.L., Soliven, P.P., Coffey, L.J., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2001, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of pesticides in water by graphitized carbon-based solid-phase extraction and highperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4134, 73 p. Meister, R.T., 2002, Farm Chemicals Handbook: Willoughby, Ohio, Meister Publishing Co., variable pagination.

[Pesticide trade names in parentheses if different from pesticide name; pesticides in color were detected in the corresponding basin: tan, Bighorn River Basin; blue, North Platte River Basin; dark red, both basins]

Pesticide name

Acetochlor (Guardian, Harness, Relay)

Acifluorfen (Blazer, Tackle 2S, Astic)

Alachlor (Alanex, Lasso, Shroud)

Aldicarb (Temik)

Aldicarb sulfone (Standak, Aldicarb degradation product) Aldicarb sulfoxide (Aldicarb degradation product) Atrazine (Aatrex, Atranex)

Azinphos-methyl (Guthion, Crysthyon)

Azinphos-methyl-oxon (Azinphos-methyl degradation product) Barban

Bendiocarb (Ficam, Garrox, Turcam)

Benfluralin (Balan, Benefin)

Benomyl (Benlate, Benex)

Bensulfuron-methyl (Escuri, Londax)

Bentazon (Basagram, Bentzone)

Bromacil (Hyvar X)

Bromoxynil (Buctril, Brominal, Agristar)

Carbaryl (Carbatox, Sevin)

Carbofuran (Furadan, Futura)

Chloramben, methyl ester (Chloramben)

Chlordiamino-s-triazine {CAAT} (Atrazine degradation product) Chlorimuron-ethyl (Classic, Darban, Lory)

2-Chloro-2,6-diethylacetanilide (Alachlor degradation product) 2-Chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-striazine {CIAT} (Atrazine degradation product) 2-Chloro-6-ethylamino-4-amino-s-triazine {CEAT} (Atrazine degradation product) 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol (MCPA degradation product) 3(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-methyl urea (Diuron degradation product) Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)

Clopyralid (Stinger, Lontrel)

Cyanazine (Bladex)

Cycloate (Ro-Neet)

The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the Wyoming State Government.

Sandstrom, M.W., Stroppel, M.E., Foreman, W.T., and Schroeder, M.P., 2001, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of moderate-use pesticides and selected degradates in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01– 4098, 70 p. U.S. Geological Survey, 1997 to 2004, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chaps. A1-A9, 2 v., variously paged. [Also available online at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A.Chapters originally were published from 1997–1999; updates and revisions are ongoing and are summarized at: http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/mastererrata.html]

Pesticide name

Cyfluthrin (Decathlon)

2,4-D (Dacamine, Weed-B-Gon)

2,4-DB (Butoxone, Butyrac)

Dacthal monoacid (Dacthal degradation product) Desulfinylfipronil (Fipronil degradation product) Desulfinylfipronil amide (Fipronil degradation product) Diazinon (Basudin, Spectracide, Knoxout)

Dicamba (Banvel, Banex)

3,4-Dichloroaniline (Chloramben degradation product) 3,5-Dichloroaniline (Diuron degradation product) Dichlorprop (Weedone, Polymone)

Dichlorvos (DDVP)

Dicrotophos (Bidrin)

Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox)

2,6-Diethylaniline (Alachlor degradation product) Dimethoate (Trounce)

Dinoseb (Premerge)

Diphenamid (Dymid, Enide)

Disulfoton (Di-Syston)

Disulfoton sulfone (Disulfoton degradation product) Diuron (Durashield, Karmex)

alpha-Endosulfan (Thiodan, Tiovel)

Endosulfan sulfate (alpha-Endosulfan degradation product) EPTC (Eptam, Eradicane)

Ethion (Ethanox, Rhodocide)

Ethoprophos (Mocap, Prophos)

2-Ethyl-6-methylaniline (Metalachlor degradation product) Fenamiphos

Fenamiphos sulfone (Fenamiphos degradation product)

Pesticide name

Fenamiphos sulfoxide (Fenamiphos degradation product) Fenuron

Fipronil (Regent)

Fipronil sulfide (Fipronil degradation product) Fipronil sulfone (Fipronil degradation product) Flumetsulam (Broadstrike)

Fluometuron (Cotoran)

Fonofos (Dyfonate)

Hexazinone (Velpar)

3-Hydroxycarbofuran (Carbofuran degradation product) 2-Hydroxy-4-isopropylamino-6-ethylamino-s-triazine {OIET} (Atrazine degradation product) Imazaquin (Scepter)

Imazethapyr (New Path, Pursuit)

Imidacloprid (Admire, Provado)

Iprodione (Kidan)

Isofenphos (Oftanol, Lighter)

lambda-Cyhalothrin (Charge, Karate)

Linuron (Linurex, Lorox)

Malaoxon (Malathion degradation product)

Malathion (Cythion, Malaspray)

MCPA (Solve, MCP)

MCPB (Butoxone M40, Thistrol)

Metalaxyl (Apron, Ridamil, Subdue)

Methidathion (Supra)

Methiocarb (Mesurol)

Methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)

Metolachlor (Bicep, Dual)

Metribuzin (Lexone, Sencor)

Metsulfuron methyl (Ally, Escort)

Molinate (Hydram, Ordram)

Myclobutanil (Eagle, Nova)

1-Naphthol (Carbaryl degradation product)

Neburon (Granurex, Propuron)

Pesticide name

Nicosulfuron (Accent, OneHope)

Norflurazon (Zorial, Solicam)

Oryzalin (Surflan)

Oxamyl (Vydate)

Oxyfluorfen (Offside, Goal)

Paraoxon-methyl (Parathion-methyl degradation product) Parathion-methyl (Alkron, Bladan, Fighter)

Pendimethalin (Prowl, Stomp)

cis-Permethrin (Ambush, Pounce)

Phorate (Thimet, Rampart)

Phosmet (Imidan)

Picloram (Tordon)

Prometon (Pramitol, Gesafram)

Prometryn (Cotton-pro)

Propanil (Stamp)

Propargite (Comite, Omite)

Propham (Chem Hoe)

Propiconazole (Banner)

cis-Propiconazole (Banner)

trans-Propiconazole (Banner)

Propoxur (Baygone, Suncide)

Propyzamide (Kerb)

Siduron (Tupersan)

Simazine (Aquazine, Princep)

Sulfometuron-methyl (Oust)

Tebuconazole (Elite)

Tebuthiuron (Graslan, Spike)

Tefluthrin (Force)

Terbacil (Sinbar, Herbicide 732)

Terbufos (Counter, Contraven)

Terbuthylazine (Gardoprim)

Thiobencarb (Bolero, Saturn)

Tribufos (DEF 6)

Triclopyr (Garlon)

Trifluralin (Treflan, Trim)

Where this page came from

This page was imported from U.S. Geological Survey. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey and, as a work of the United States government, in the public domain.

Nobody has written it yet — it is the source material at a new address, which is why search engines are asked to skip it and why no one earns from it. It is up for grabs: take it on, and it is yours to rewrite and to earn from.