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Prenatal care, healthy eating and staying active all help keep a pregnant person and baby healthy. So does avoiding substances that can harm them both: tobacco, alcohol and drugs.
Tobacco
Smoking during pregnancy passes nicotine, carbon monoxide and many other harmful chemicals to the baby.
- Nicotine can damage the developing baby's brain and lungs.
- Carbon monoxide can keep the baby from getting enough oxygen.
- Smoking raises the risk that the baby is born too small, too early or with birth defects, and of death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the first year. Later in life the child may be more likely to have health problems such as asthma and obesity.
- E-cigarettes and other tobacco products also contain nicotine and are not safe in pregnancy, and some e-cigarette flavorings may harm developing babies.
- Secondhand smoke carries some of the same risks, so avoid it too.
Alcohol
No amount of alcohol is known to be safe during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant, and all kinds, wine and beer included, are equally harmful. Drinking can cause problems with the baby's growth and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), a lifelong condition that can bring a mix of physical, behavioral and learning problems.
Illegal drugs
Drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamines and club drugs can cause low birth weight, birth defects or miscarriage, and the child may be more likely to have learning and developmental disabilities. Injecting drugs raises the risk of HIV, which can pass to the baby during pregnancy.
Prescription drug misuse
Taking more than prescribed or more often, using a medicine to get high, or taking someone else's medicine can be harmful; the effects depend on the medicine.
Opioids
Opioids include strong prescription pain relievers such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl and tramadol, as well as the illegal drug heroin. Taking them during pregnancy can lead to birth defects, preterm birth, loss of the baby and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), withdrawal symptoms in the newborn.
If a health care provider suggests prescription opioids for pain during pregnancy, talk through the risks and benefits first; if you both decide they are needed, you can work together to keep the risks as low as possible.
Getting help
If you are taking opioids or are addicted to drugs, don't stop suddenly, which can be dangerous for you and the baby. Contact your provider for help coming off them safely.
Sources
- MedlinePlus, produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, "Pregnancy and Substance Use": https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html
- The MedlinePlus page has a heading for cannabis (marijuana) with no text under it; this page adds nothing in its place.
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам medlineplus.gov
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