Structural Biochemistry, Reaction types

Types of chemical reactions

Synthesis

In a synthesis reaction, two or more reactants combine to form one complex product.
The general equation to represent this reaction is: A + B→AB

Decomposition

The decomposition reaction is the opposite of the synthesis reaction. A complex compound breaks down into simpler substances.
The general equation to represent this reaction is: AB→ A + B

Dissociation

Dissociation looks like and can be mistaken for decomposition but they are very different reactions. When a compound dissociates, it breaks down into ions instead of atoms. The products are therefore charged.
The general equation looks like: AB→ A+ + B-

Single Replacement

A non-combined element replaces another in a compound and the element that it replaces has to be of the same group (e.g.metal replaces metal).
The general equation: A + BC→ AC + B

Double Replacement

In a double replacement, two compounds each trade one element of the same type over to the other.
The general equation: AB + CD→ AC + BD

Combustion

In a combustion reaction, a compound is combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as products.
Example: CnHx + O2→CO2 + H2O

Acid-Base

The acid base reaction is a type of double replacement reaction. When the acid and base react, the H+ ion reacts with the OH- ion to form H2O (water). The products of this reaction are typically water and an ionic salt.
HA + BOH→ H2O + BA

References

1. "Types of Reactions." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://library.thinkquest.org/2923/react.html>.
2. "TheSix Types of Chemical Reaction." The Six Types of Chemical Reaction. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://misterguch.brinkster.net/6typesofchemicalrxn.html>.

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