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If you are in distress, or worried about someone who may need crisis support, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988.
No single cause
Suicide is rarely caused by one circumstance or event. It comes from a combination of factors at four levels — the individual, relationships, the community and society — some raising the risk and some lowering it.
- Risk factors are situations or problems that make a suicide attempt more likely. They may or may not be direct causes.
- Protective factors are characteristics that make an attempt less likely.
What raises the risk
| Level | Risk factors |
|---|---|
| The person | a previous suicide attempt; a history of depression or other mental illness; serious illness such as chronic pain; criminal or legal problems; job or money problems, or losses; impulsive or aggressive tendencies; substance use; current or past adverse childhood experiences; a sense of hopelessness; being a victim or perpetrator of violence |
| Relationships | bullying; suicide in the family or among loved ones; losing relationships; high-conflict or violent relationships; social isolation |
| The community | no access to health care; a suicide cluster in the community; stress from losing traditional practices and from changing beliefs; community violence; discrimination |
| Society | stigma around mental illness and seeking help; easy access to lethal means for people at risk; unsafe media portrayals of suicide |
What protects
Protective factors work at the same four levels.
| Level | Protective factors |
|---|---|
| The person | good coping and problem-solving skills; reasons for living, such as family, friends or pets; a strong sense of cultural identity |
| Relationships | support from partners, friends and family; feeling connected to others |
| The community | feeling connected to school, community and other institutions; steady access to good physical and behavioral health care |
| Society | less access to lethal means for people at risk; cultural, religious or moral objections to suicide |
Where prevention comes in
Understanding the factors on both sides shows where prevention can act. Communities and society as a whole can take steps that support people and help protect them from suicidal thoughts and behavior. CDC describes how everyone can help prevent suicide.
Sources
Based on "Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide," Suicide Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain. The source's stock photograph is not reproduced.
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам www.cdc.gov
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