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Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in people under 20. Starting in childhood or adolescence, it brings complications such as kidney disease, eye damage (retinopathy) and nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy), and it weighs heavily on public health resources. From 2002 to 2012, new cases had already been rising — 1.4% a year for type 1 and 7.1% for type 2.
This update uses 2002–2015 data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based registry that followed 69,457,475 young people in five areas:
- Colorado (all 64 counties, plus selected Indian reservations in Arizona and New Mexico);
- Ohio (eight counties);
- South Carolina (all 46 counties);
- Washington (five counties);
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California members in seven counties.
It's demographically similar to U.S. youth but not designed to be nationally representative. It found 14,638 youths with type 1 and 3,916 with type 2 diabetes, catching an estimated 98%–99% of type 1 and 92%–97% of type 2 cases. Type 2 trends cover ages 10–19 only; there were too few cases (181) in younger children.
Key findings
| 2002–2003 | 2014–2015 | Average yearly increase | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 (under 20), per 100,000 | 19.5 | 22.3 | 1.9% |
| Type 2 (ages 10–19), per 100,000 | 9.0 | 13.8 | 4.8% |
- Both rose at steady rates throughout the period.
- Type 1 rose in every group except children diagnosed before age 5 and American Indian youths.
- Type 2 rose in every age, sex and racial or ethnic group except white youths.
- Increases were generally faster among racial and ethnic minority youths.
Model-adjusted incidence of type 1 (left) and type 2 (right) diabetes among youths, 2002–2015. From CDC's MMWR.
By race and ethnicity
| Group | Type 1: yearly increase | Type 2 (ages 10–19): rate 2002–03 → 2014–15 | Type 2: yearly increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.73% | 4.4 → 4.5 | no significant change |
| Black | 2.72% | 20.0 → 37.8 | 5.97% |
| Hispanic | 4.05% | 13.3 → 20.9 | 6.45% |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4.36% | 11.0 → 11.9 | 7.72% |
| American Indian* | no significant change | 22.6 → 32.8 | 3.69% |
*Mostly members of one southwestern tribe.
Type 1 rose most steeply among Black and Hispanic youths, and since 2011 it has also risen significantly among Asian and Pacific Islander youths — for reasons still unknown. Type 2 climbed faster than type 1, especially among minority youths, alongside rising obesity among U.S. young people.
Prevention
- There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes.
- In adults, type 2 can be prevented or delayed with lifestyle-change programs such as the National Diabetes Prevention Program. Their effectiveness in youths isn't known, but healthy eating and active lifestyles have many benefits.
- The Native Diabetes Wellness Program, a collaboration of CDC and partners, promotes healthy eating and physical activity for American Indian and Alaska Native youths.
Continued surveillance can identify groups at higher risk, guide prevention and help plan for the lifelong care diabetes requires.
Limits: some groups had few cases, making yearly rates less precise, and the five sites may not represent the whole country.
Sources
Based on Divers J, Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, et al., "Trends in Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Youths — Selected Counties and Indian Reservations, United States, 2002–2015," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69(6), CDC; a work of the United States government in the public domain.
Licens: CC0 1.0 (allmän egendom) · Bearbetat efter www.cdc.gov
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