Tetanus is a nationally notifiable disease: health departments report cases to CDC's National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). The case definition was last updated by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) in 2010 (case definition).
How common it is
Cases still turn up sporadically, but since 2010 there have been fewer than 40 reported a year. Most are in people who:
- never received a tetanus vaccine;
- didn't finish the primary series;
- fell behind on the booster every 10 years.
A century of decline
| When | |
|---|---|
| Early 1900s | cases and deaths begin to fall, partly thanks to tetanus immune globulin (TIG) |
| 1940s | tetanus toxoid vaccines join routine childhood vaccination, and tetanus becomes nationally notifiable |
| Since 1947 | reported cases down more than 95%; deaths down more than 99% |
Routine vaccination, and continued use of TIG and tetanus vaccine in wound care, drove the decline.
Data and resources
- CDC's surveillance page charts reported cases since 1947 (recent years are provisional), with a data table; see also the NNDSS data tables and about NNDSS.
- Tetanus chapter of the Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases.
- Tetanus Surveillance Summary — United States, 2009–2023 (MMWR).
- Neonatal and maternal tetanus worldwide: fast facts and CDC's global tetanus vaccination work.
Sources
Based on "Tetanus Surveillance and Trends," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; a work of the United States government in the public domain.
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