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Cannabis — also called marijuana — is a green, brown or gray mixture of dried parts of the cannabis plant. Its chemicals act on the brain and can change how you feel and think. The main active ones are cannabinoids:
| Cannabinoid | |
|---|---|
| THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) | causes the "high" |
| CBD (cannabidiol) | does not cause a high |
Ways people use it
| Form | What it is |
|---|---|
| Joint / blunt | rolled and smoked like a cigarette / a cigar |
| Bowl / bong | smoked in a pipe / a water pipe |
| Edibles | mixed into drinks such as tea, or foods such as cakes or brownies |
| Dabbing | smoking concentrated oils |
| Vaping | using electronic vaporizers |
| Tinctures | liquid drops under the tongue |
| Topicals | lotions or balms on the skin — these usually don't cause a high |
What it does
Effects depend on how much and how often you use it, its THC level and other ingredients, how you take it, other medicines or drugs you're using, your health conditions, your age and sex, and how experienced you are with it.
While high, you may have:
- sharper senses — brighter colors, for example
- a warped sense of time — minutes can feel like hours
- mood changes
- trouble moving your body
- trouble thinking, solving problems and remembering
- a bigger appetite
- slower reactions
Secondhand cannabis smoke carries many of the same risks as secondhand tobacco smoke.
Over the long term, cannabis can cause:
- Problems with brain development — people who started as teenagers may struggle with thinking, memory and learning
- Coughing and breathing problems, with frequent smoking
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) — repeated bouts of nausea, vomiting and stomach pain from heavy, long-term use
- Problems with fetal and child development, if smoked during pregnancy
Heavy long-term use has also been linked to a higher risk of cancer, digestive issues, heart problems and mental health problems.
Can you overdose?
Yes, with a very high dose. You may feel anxious or panicked or have a racing heart; rarely, an overdose brings paranoia and hallucinations. There are no reports of anyone dying from cannabis use alone.
Is it addictive?
Yes. Addiction to cannabis is called cannabis use disorder. THC levels in products have risen over time, and stronger products raise the risk. You're more likely to become addicted if you use it every day or began as a teenager.
Quitting may bring mild withdrawal: irritability, trouble sleeping, less appetite, anxiety and cravings.
Medical cannabis
Chemicals in the plant may help with some health problems, but it isn't clear whether the whole plant can treat or cure them. Researchers are studying what else cannabis and its ingredients might treat. FDA-approved drugs so far:
| Drug | Treats |
|---|---|
| Man-made forms of THC | nausea from chemotherapy; low appetite in people with certain conditions who have lost a lot of weight |
| A liquid drug containing CBD | three forms of severe childhood epilepsy |
The law
Recreational cannabis is still illegal under federal law, though federal rules have eased somewhat for medical cannabis and FDA-approved cannabis drugs. Most states allow medical cannabis, and about half also allow recreational use by adults 21 and older.
Sources
Based on "Cannabis," MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, with a summary from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH); a work of the United States government in the public domain.
Лицензия: CC0 1.0 (общественное достояние) · По материалам medlineplus.gov
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