Landbirds of Pinnacles National Park

An Oak Titmouse, one of the species of birds censused at Pinnacles. NPS / Gavin Emmons

Importance

Pinnacles National Park contains large areas of undisturbed chaparral and woodland, as well as riparian corridors. These provide critical habitat for central coast birds.

The protected status of Pinnacles and the quantity, quality, and variety of its habitats offer a unique opportunity for bird studies in California’s central coast. In 1996, the National Park Service (NPS) identified birds as a major component of ecosystems to be inventoried and monitored. NPS had conducted a systematic bird inventory at Pinnacles in 1984-1985, and repeated these surveys in 1998-1999. In 2000, a presidential decree added 8,000 more acres of land to Pinnacles. In 2001 and 2002, NPS contracted with Point Blue Conservation Science to inventory the new lands as well as some historic areas not previously surveyed. These data were meant to complement existing data from the interior of the park. This inventory data provided baseline information for the formation of the riparian landbird monitoring program at Pinnacles National Park, which initiated in 2015. NPS staff also record confirmed observations by employees and Visitors.

Inventory Methods

NPS staff undertook landbird surveys at 71 point count stations in 1984-1985, and 66 of those same stations in 1998-1999. During 2001-2002, Point Blue surveyed nine transects totaling 92 point count stations.

Researchers established point count transects and stations in three major habitat types: chaparral, pine-oak woodland, and riparian woodland. At each point count station, researchers conducted a five-minute census during peak singing hours, noting songs, calls, and visual detections. During the 1984-1985 and 1998-1999 surveys, researchers censused each station six times in winter and six times in spring. During the 2001-2002 survey, researchers censused each station two to three times in the spring only. The bird detection data allowed researchers to derive information on bird diversity, species richness (a count of the different bird species present), and relative abundance. Species detected beyond 50 meters from each point and species not well sampled by the point count method (raptors, swifts, swallows, waterbirds, shorebirds, etc.) were not included in statistical analysis. The 2001-2002 survey also established 24 area search plots (17 surveyed in winter and 7 surveyed in breeding season) to augment the point count data and inventory winter landbirds.

Spotted Towhee, singing form territorial perch. NPS /Gavin Emmons

Inventory Findings

Researchers recorded a total of 113 bird species through the three inventories (83 in 1985, 93 in 1999, and 96 in 2002). The certified bird list for Pinnacles, as of 2009, includes 180 species present in the park based on these inventories, monitoring, and other confirmed sightings.

• The Western Meadowlark and Yellow-billed Magpie were among the birds observed in 2002 (but not in 1985 or 1999), likely as a result of the expansion of park lands.
• In the 2002 point count and area search surveys, 60 species were found in chaparral, 68 in pine-oak woodland, and 74 in riparian areas. In each of the three point count inventories (1985, 1999, 2002), riparian woodlands featured the highest species richness, or number of species observed.
• Although chaparral was low in species richness in all three inventories, eight species were more common in chaparral than in other habitats in the 2002 inventory.
• 37% of the bird species known to occur at Pinnacles have been recorded only through observations by employees and visitors, including during the annual Audubon Christmas Bird Count. Please help us by reporting any unusual wildlife sightings.

Species listed as "Present in Park" on the 2009 Pinnacles certified bird list:

Mallard

Hooded Merganser

Common Merganser

Ring-necked Pheasant

Wild Turkey

Mountain Quail

California Quail

Common Loon

Pied-billed Grebe

Western Grebe

American White Pelican

Double-crested Cormorant

Great Blue Heron

Great Egret

Green Heron

Turkey Vulture

California Condor

Osprey

White-tailed Kite

Bald Eagle

Northern Harrier

Sharp-shinned Hawk

Cooper’s Hawk

Red-shouldered Hawk

Rough-legged Hawk

Golden Eagle

American Kestrel

Merlin

Peregrine Falcon

Prairie Falcon

Virginia Rail

American Coot

Killdeer

Spotted Sandpiper

Greater Yellowlegs

Lesser Yellowlegs

Western Sandpiper

Least Sandpiper

Baird's Sandpiper

Common Snipe

Black-legged Kittiwake

Rock Pigeon

Band-tailed Pigeon

White-winged Dove

Mourning Dove

Greater Roadrunner

Barn Owl

Western Screech-Owl

Great Horned Owl

Northern Pygmy-Owl

Burrowing Owl

Long-eared Owl

Northern Saw-whet Owl

Common Poorwill

Black Swift

White-throated Swift

Black-chinned Hummingbird

Anna’s Hummingbird

Costa’s Hummingbird

Calliope Hummingbird

Rufous Hummingbird

Allen’s Hummingbird

Belted Kingfisher

Lewis’ Woodpecker

Acorn Woodpecker

Red-breasted Sapsucker

Nuttall’s Woodpecker

Downy Woodpecker

Hairy Woodpecker

Northern Flicker

Chukar

Pileated Woodpecker

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Western Wood-Pewee

Willow Flycatcher

Hammond's Flycatcher

Pacific-slope Flycatcher

Black Phoebe

Say’s Phoebe

Ash-throated Flycatcher

Western Kingbird

Loggerhead Shrike

Bell’s Vireo

Gray Vireo

Cassin’s Vireo

Hutton’s Vireo

Warbling Vireo

Steller’s Jay

Western Scrub

Jay Clark’s Nutcracker

Yellow-billed Magpie

American Crow

Common Raven

Tree Swallow

Violet-green Swallow

Northern Rough-winged Swallow

Cliff Swallow

Barn Swallow

Chestnut-backed Chickadee

Oak Titmouse

Bushtit

Red-breasted Nuthatch

White-breasted Nuthatch

Pygmy Nuthatch

Brown Creeper

Rock Wren

Canyon Wren

Bewick's Wren

House Wren

Winter Wren

American Dipper

Golden-crowned Kinglet

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Western Bluebird

Mountain Bluebird

Townsend’s Solitaire

Swainson’s Thrush

Hermit Thrush

American Robin

Varied Thrush

Wrentit

Northern Mockingbird

California Thrasher

European Starling

Cedar Waxwing

Phainopepla

Golden-winged Warbler

Orange-crowned Warbler

Nashville Warbler

Yellow Warbler

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Black-throated Gray Warbler

Townsend's Warbler

Hermit Warbler

American Redstart

Northern Waterthrush

Macgillivray's Warbler

Common Yellowthroat

Hooded Warbler

Wilson's Warbler

Yellow-breasted Chat

Western Tanager

Green-tailed Towhee

Spotted Towhee

California Towhee

Rufous-crowned Sparrow

Chipping Sparrow

Black-chinned Sparrow

Lark Sparrow

Sage Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Fox Sparrow

Song Sparrow

Lincoln's Sparrow

White-throated Sparrow

White-crowned Sparrow

Golden-crowned Sparrow

Dark-eyed Junco

Black-headed Grosbeak

Lazuli Bunting

Red-winged Blackbird

Western Meadowlark

Brewer's Blackbird

Brown-headed Cowbird

Hooded Oriole

Bullock's Oriole

Purple Finch

Cassin's Finch

House Finch

Pine Siskin

Lesser Goldfinch

Lawrence's Goldfinch

American Goldfinch

Evening Grosbeak

House Sparrow

Additional Resources

Contact Information

Links

San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network

Pacific Coast Science & Learning Center

Monitoring Protocol - Download from NPS Data Store

Pinnacles Bird Page - Download the Pinnacles Bird checklist (with breeding status in park and abundance by month and habitat)

Audubon Christmas Bird Count

Haff, T.M., G. Ballard, G.R. Geupel, and D. Humple. 2003. Landbird inventory of the Pinnacles National Monument. A Final Report to the National Park Service.Point Blue Conservation Science.

San Francisco Bay Area Network Species Lists - view Certified Species lists including residency, abundance, and native/non-native status.

Summary by Alison Williams, San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network, April 2009. Updated December 2017.

Download PDF from the NPS Data Store

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